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Iran, Iraq, & Afghanistan: Can’t We All Just Get Along?

Iran, Iraq, & Afghanistan: Can’t We All Just Get Along?. Iraq: Early History. Modern day Iraq is the ancient Mesopotamia Ruled by a lot of different people—eventually ruled by Ottomans and then the British. Kingdom of Iraq established in 1932. Republic formed in 1958 through military coup.

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Iran, Iraq, & Afghanistan: Can’t We All Just Get Along?

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  1. Iran, Iraq, & Afghanistan: Can’t We All Just Get Along?

  2. Iraq: Early History • Modern day Iraq is the ancient Mesopotamia • Ruled by a lot of different people—eventually ruled by Ottomans and then the British. • Kingdom of Iraq established in 1932. • Republic formed in 1958 through military coup. • Saddam Hussein takes over in 1979.

  3. Iraq: Life Under Saddam • Not great • More interested in military build up that raising the standard of living for the people • Executed people who opposed him • Kurdish rebellions = use of chemical and biological weapons. • Tried for war crimes and executed in 2006

  4. Iraq: Invasion of Kuwait • UN imposed sanctions on Iraqi oil—upsets Hussein • Invades Kuwait and UN threatens military force • January 1991—Operation Desert Storm starts • Hussein removed from Kuwait in 2 days • Before he left, he set oil wells of Kuwait on fire • If he can’t have the oil he doesn’t want anyone else to have it.

  5. Iraq: Operation Iraqi Freedom • Hussein cut off ties with UN inspectors–afraid they have WMDs (weapons of mass destruction) • West feels threatened in a post 9/11 world so “coalition of the willing” invaded and overthrew Hussein in March-April 2003. • Riots ensue, eventually a transitional government set up with democratic elections

  6. Afghanistan: Early History • Part of the Persian Empire and then taken over and ruled by various groups • Several wars between the British and Russians were fought here. • Becomes a republic in 1973 through a coup and then established Communism as form of government

  7. Afghanistan: Influence of the Soviet Union • US supports Afghanistan until Communism & murder of ambassador • Soviet Union invades in n1979 to help the country and the Mujahadeen (rebel group in Afghanistan) fights back • Soviet action influences world affairs & US supports Mujahadeen ($$ and military support) • Soviet Union leaves but no peace—Taliban takes over

  8. Afghanistan: Taliban & Al-Qaeda • Taliban takes over and imposes strict Sharia law, outlawed education of women, destroyed TVs & radio • Al-Qaeda partnered with Taliban in 1990s and provided the miltary back up for the Taliban. • Later Al-Qaeda is held responsible for terrorist attacks in the US on 9/11—beginning of the “war on terror”

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  10. Iran: Early History • Area previously known as Persia—wealth of culture and science • Arabs brought Islam to the region • In the 1960s the “White Revolution” happened—modernization, secularization, economic growth, imitation of the West (pushed by Kennedy) • 1978—groups began to form in opposition to the leadership (Shah)

  11. Iran: Iranian Revolution and the New Iran • 1979—Ayatollah Khomeini assumes control of the country and turns it into a theocratic “republic” guided by Islam (Shia) • Country is now under a form of Sharia Law • Now the country is guided by both a secular leader and a religious leader • Closes Iran off from the West and Iran Hostage Crisis (444 days occurs • Massive human right violations, economic disorder, and unrest

  12. Iran: Life Today • Current president: Mahmoud Ahmadi-Nejad • Has been accused of “voter fraud” & “electoral interference” (cheater) • Protests against the current regime have resulted in an undisclosed amount of deaths • Iran is rumored to have an intense nuclear weapons program and has been considered “noncompliant” for several years. • UN Security Council has offered economic incentives for cooperation—not interested

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