The Muscular System

1. The Muscular System

2. The Muscular system • There are approximately 640 named skeletal muscles in the human body. • There are also many more!! There are 11 major muscles that you will need to know about for your GCSE PE examination.

3. 1. 6. 2. 3. 7. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10. 11. Front View Back View

4. Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Biceps Triceps Latissimus Dorsi Abdominals Gluteals Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Back View Front View

5. Objectives • By the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Identify the major muscle groups • Explain the role of muscles in movement. • Explain the immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system. • Explain the long term benefits of exercise on the muscular system

6. How does the muscular system produce movement?

7. The Muscular System • The main function of skeletal muscle is to produce movement. • Muscles are attached to the skeleton, so that they can contract and pull on bones • Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. • Muscles are attached at both ends • One end is called the origin and is fixed to something rigid. • The other end – the insertion– is attached to the bone that moves.

8. Antagonistic pairs • Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs, so when one muscle contracts and pulls the other relaxes to allow the joint to work. The muscle that contracts is the agonist. The muscle that is relaxed is called the antagonist.

9. Types of Movement The Muscular System works in antagonistic pairs to produce movement at joints • There are 5 different types of movement that can be produced: • Flexion • Extension • Abduction • Adduction • Rotation Some joints can produce more types of movement than others.

10. What are the long term effects of exercise? Increased muscle size: Hypertrophy • Training using the principle of progressive overload, applies stress to the skeletal muscles. • This results in them being damaged as the muscle fibres are pulled apart causing trauma. • The body rebuilds bridges between muscle fibres, and actually makes them slightly stronger • This requires up to 48 hours.

11. Task • Complete your movement analysis worksheet

12. Task: Research either: • The immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system (pg 143-44) • Key words: • Isometric & Isotonic contractions • Oxygen • Lactic Acid OR • The Long term benefits of exercise on the Muscular system & potential injuries to the muscular system(144-145) • Key words: • Hypertrophy • Posture • Soft tissue injuries

13. What are the immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system? • Exercise increases the body’s demand for Oxygen and glycogen as the muscles need more fuel to function. • Extra waste products are created, and extra blood needs to be pumped around the body to take these away. • Aerobic exercise can continue for a sustained period of time as the intensity is relatively low. • High intensity exercise will result in the production of lactic acid, if this builds up then exercise will cease as muscles begin to ache and possibly cramp

14. Objectives • By the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Identify the major muscle groups • Explain the role of muscles in movement. • Explain the immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system. • Explain the long term benefits of exercise on the muscular system