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Tevatron run issues with higher luminosity

Tevatron run issues with higher luminosity. 4th International Workshop on Heavy Quarkonia Vaia Papadimitriou, Fermilab BNL, June 27-30 2006. OUTLINE. Tevatron performance and projections CDF data sets and plans for higher luminosity D0 data sets and plans for higher luminosity Conclusion.

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Tevatron run issues with higher luminosity

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  1. Tevatron run issues with higher luminosity 4th International Workshop on Heavy Quarkonia Vaia Papadimitriou, Fermilab BNL, June 27-30 2006 Vaia Papadimitriou

  2. OUTLINE • Tevatron performance and projections • CDF data sets and plans for higher luminosity • D0 data sets and plans for higher luminosity • Conclusion Vaia Papadimitriou

  3. The Fermilab Accelerator Complex √s 1.96 TeV CDF D0 P P MAIN INJECTOR: 150 GeV RECYCLER / e-COOLING Vaia Papadimitriou

  4. Tevatron Performance • Tevatron (Run I 1992-96, ∫L dt = 110 pb-1 ): • p  pbar at s = 1.8 TeV, 3.5 ms between collisions • Tevatron (Run II 2002-Present, ∫L dt = ~1.53 fb-1 ): • p   pbar at s = 1.96 TeV, 396 ns between collisions ( original plan for 132 ns ) FY06 Best 1.72 x 1032 cm-1s-1 ~ 1.53 fb-1 delivered per experiment in Run II FY06 FY05 7.17 pb-1 delivered per experiment in one store, Feb. 12, 2006 FY05 FY04 FY03 FY03 FY04 FY02 FY02 Vaia Papadimitriou

  5. Collider Luminosity History (per detector) • 1986-1987 Eng. Run I • .05 pb-1 • 1988-1989 Eng. Run II • 9.2 pb-1 • Run Ia (1992-1993) • 32.2 pb-1 • Run Ib (1994-1996) • 154.7 pb-1 • Run IIa (2002-2005) • 1200 pb-1 • Run IIb (2006-2009) • 3,060 – 6,880 pb-1 • Run IIa + IIb (2002-2009) • 4,260 – 8,080 pb-1 Log Scale ! Projected Projected Vaia Papadimitriou

  6. Luminosity • The major luminosity limitations are • The number of antiprotons (BNpbar) • The proton beam brightness (Np/ep) • Beam-Beam effects • The transverse antiproton emittance • Transverse beam optics at the interaction point (b*) • F<1 ~30 cm Vaia Papadimitriou

  7. Tevatron Performance Vaia Papadimitriou

  8. Stacking Performance FY06 FY05 FY04 FY03 FY02 Stack size (1010) Zero stack stacking rate Vaia Papadimitriou

  9. Expected Integrated Luminosity 8.1 fb-1 Fermilab Tevatron 6.7 fb-1 DESIGN 30 mA/hr 5.3 fb-1 4.3 fb-1 BASE 15 mA/hr Vaia Papadimitriou

  10. Accumulated Luminosity and Luminosity per fiscal year Luminosity per fiscal year Accumulated Luminosity Vaia Papadimitriou

  11. Expected Peak Luminosity 30 mA/hr 15 mA/hr Vaia Papadimitriou

  12. Data sets 1.62 fb-1 • CDF/D0 have about 10 million J/y’s each in 1 fb-1 of Run II data. 1.30 fb-1 1.44 fb-1 1.20 fb-1 Vaia Papadimitriou

  13. Trigger rates Vaia Papadimitriou

  14. L = 0 L ( t ) t + 1 t A Study of Store Lifetime • Collected data for all Tevatron stores of 2004-2005 lasting longer than 24 hours • Used 116 stores • Fit first 24h of each store with: • Fit is typically good to better than ~ 5% • Model is easy to integrate/solve • Only two parameters (L0, t ) • Phenomenological study oftvs. L0 to extrapolate to higher luminosities • Use results to predict integrated luminosities for low lum tables that “kick-in” only after instantaneous luminosity drops below threshold. Vaia Papadimitriou

  15. Typical projected store evolution 34% 66% 36% 64% Inst. Luminosity (E32) Inst. Luminosity (E32) Peak Lum = 3E32 Peak Lum = 2E32 hours hours • < 1.5 E32 • 1.5 – 2.0 E32 • 2.0 – 2.5 E32 • 2.5 – 3.0 E32 Vaia Papadimitriou

  16. The D0 Detector • Excellent muon and tracking coverage • Tracking up to |h|<3 • Muons up to |h|<2 Vaia Papadimitriou

  17. J/y triggers • Central (|h|<1.6) muon pT requirements are 1.5 GeV/c and 3.0 GeV/c • Forward muons do not have tracking coverage and one cannot apply pT cuts at Level 1. (~1 GeV/c muons can penetrate the iron) • At higher trigger levels one requires either two forward muons with pT >2 GeV/c or one forward and one central muon with pTs greater than 1 and 3 GeV/c respectively. • Dielectron triggers as well in Run IIA but with roughly a factor of 500 smaller yield. Expect to collect more dielectron J/y’s in Run IIB ( ~ 5-10 times smaller yield than dimuon J/y’s) • No dynamic prescaling (DPS) used; change prescales every few hours Vaia Papadimitriou

  18. The CDF Detector • Excellent mass resolution • Particle ID: dE/dx, TOF • Tracking triggers (Hadronic B’s): • L1: Tracks • L2: Secondary vertex Central Muon Detectors: |h|<1.0 Central Outer Tracker: |h|<1.0 dE/dx for PID 1.3<|h|<3.5 ToF counter for K/p separation placed right before the solenoid 3.5<|h|<5.1 Silicon: |z0|<45 cm, |h|<2.0 Vaia Papadimitriou

  19. J/y triggers Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Prescale • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMU L2 10:1:1 • CMU1.5/CMX2 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMX L2 10:1:1 • CMU1.5/CMX2 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMX L2 PS=2 • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMU L2 PS=2 • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 auto J/yCMUCMU L2 PS=100 • CMU1.5/CMX2 auto J/yCMUCMX L2 PS=100 • CMUP4 auto J/yCMUCMU L2 50:10:1 • CMUP4 auto J/yCMUCMX L2 50:10:1 • CMUP4 CMUP8 J/yCMUCMU L2 10:1:1 • CMUP4 CMUP8 J/yCMUCMX L2 10:1:1 DPS DPS calibration DPS Single lepton DPS High pT DPS DPS polarization Dielectron triggers as well Vaia Papadimitriou

  20. Current XFT Upgraded XFT Trigger cross section - rate extrapolation • As the luminosity increases, higher average number of primary interactions per bunch crossing yield more complex events with higher occupancies and higher trigger rates which cause higher dead time fractions and lower efficiencies. One example: High Pt CMX Muon In principle, a physics process trigger cross section, s, is constant . In reality, a given trigger cross section behaves as: s = A/L + B + CL + DL2 Use existing data to extrapolate Confirmation of XFT tracks by stereo layers is expected to yield a substantial reduction of fakes Vaia Papadimitriou

  21. Trigger/DAQ Upgrades for higher luminosity • Goals • Increase bandwidth at all levels • Improve purity at L1 • Status - Complete • COT TDC -- readout latency • COT Track Trigger (XFT)-- purity • Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT)-- latency • L2/L3 trigger -- latency • Event builder -- latency • Data logger -- throughput Add stereo layer info • Track trigger installation done, being commissioned • Data logger installation in progress Proc power: 1THz  2.6THz Vaia Papadimitriou

  22. Impact of L2 decision crate & SVT upgrades on L1 bandwidth After Upgrade Lumi~90E30 Before Upgrade Lumi~20-50E30 5% Before: 5% deadtime with L1A 18KHz @ ~< 50E30 After: 5% deadtime with L1A 25KHz @ ~ 90E30 Dead time % 18KHz 25KHz L1A rate (Hz) Vaia Papadimitriou

  23. Trigger rate extrapolation – Jet 100 GeV Primary vertex multiplicity vs inst. luminosity Predicted cross section vs inst. luminosity 3rd order poly 3rd order poly Trigger cross section vs primary vertex multipl. 2nd order poly Vaia Papadimitriou

  24. Trigger rate extrapolation – B hadronic two track trigger Primary vertex multiplicity vs inst. luminosity Predicted cross section vs inst. luminosity 3rd order poly 3rd order poly Trigger cross section vs primary vertex multipl. 2nd order poly Vaia Papadimitriou

  25. J/y triggers for higher luminosity Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Prescale • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMU L2 10:1:1 • CMU1.5/CMX2 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMX L2 10:1:1 • CMU1.5/CMX2 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMX L2 PS=25 • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 df<1200, oppQ J/yCMUCMU L2 PS=2 5 • CMU1.5/CMU1.5 J/yCMUCMU no pres. • CMU1.5/CMX2 J/yCMUCMX no pres. • CMUP4 auto J/yCMUCMU L2 50:10:1 • CMUP4 auto J/yCMUCMX L2 50:10:1 • CMUP4 CMUP8 J/yCMUCMU L2 10:1:1 • CMUP4 CMUP8 J/yCMUCMX L2 10:1:1 DPS DPS 1.75, 2.5 GeV/c 2< mT < 4 GeV DPS DPS DPS DPS Vaia Papadimitriou

  26. Preparation for doing physics at highest luminosity • Dedicated studies to understand evolution of Tracking, Lepton Identification, B-Jet Tagging, Missing Energy Resolution, Jet Corrections, etc. • Strategy: • Use Monte Carlo: over-lay additional minimum-bias events to simulate luminosity up to 3 E32 • Use data: in bins of # of interactions/event; makes use of the bunch-to-bunch luminosity variations to gain a level arm to higher luminosity • Data vs MC comparison Online Trigger/DAQ Offline computing detector Analysis/meetings PRL ~100s ns ~ µs to ~ms ~weeks ~ months Vaia Papadimitriou

  27. Avg now Avg 2007-09 Peak (3 E32) 2007-09 Tracking: High Occupancy Physics vs number of z vertices • At highest luminosities: • COT efficiency more significantly impacted • SVX efficiency minimally affected Top, Higgs,… • on Average: 10% (relative) loss in B-tag efficiency Vaia Papadimitriou

  28. 1% Tracking: Low Occupancy Physics B, W, … • No significant effect on this type of CDF physics program Vaia Papadimitriou

  29. Conclusions • The Tevatron is running very well (1.53 fb-1 delivered) • Many new results • The Tevatron is expected to provide 4.3 – 8.1 fb-1 by October 2009 • Typical peak luminosities of the order of 1.5-1.6 x 1032 now and 2.0-3.0 x 1032 expected • CDF and D0 have of the order of 107 J/y’s each in 1fb-1 of data • They expect to retain similar yields up to 2 x 1032 and 80-95% of the yield per fb-1 at higher peak luminosities • A lot of answers and surprises awaiting!! Vaia Papadimitriou

  30. Backup Backup Slides Vaia Papadimitriou

  31. Tevatron Performance FY06 Design FY05 Base FY02 FY06 FY05 FY04 FY03 FY02 Vaia Papadimitriou

  32. Expected Weekly Luminosity Vaia Papadimitriou

  33. Data Analysis and physics results turn around time • Data Analysis processing power: • 8.2 THz - distributed among 10 Central Analysis Farms (CAFs) • 5.8THz on-site (30% from non-FNAL funds), 2.4 THz off-site (for Monte Carlo) • Improvement - use a single entry point for job submission to offsite CAFs • expands CPU resources available for CDF and increases efficiency of their use (world-wide CDF-Grid of CPU clusters) • Physics results turn around time: recent 1 fb-1 data to 1st physics result ~ 10 weeks Online Trigger/DAQ Offline computing detector Analysis/meetings PRL ~100s ns ~ µs to ~ms ~weeks ~ months Vaia Papadimitriou

  34. Antiproton Parameters Vaia Papadimitriou

  35. Lithium Lens (0 – 15%) Lens Gradient from 760T/m to 1000 T/m Slip Stacking (7%) Currently at 7.5x1012 on average Design 8.0x1012 on average AP2 Line (5-30%) Lens Steering AP2 Steer to apertures AP2 Lattice Debuncher Aperture (13%) Currently at 30-32um Design to 35um DRF1 Voltage (5%) Currently running on old tubes at 4.0 MEV Need to be a t 5.3 MeV Accumulator & D/A Aperture (20%) Currently at 2.4 sec Design to 2.0 sec Stacktail Efficiency Can improve core 4-8 GHz bandwidth by a factor of 2 Timeline Effects SY120 takes up 7% of the timeline Future Pbar Work Vaia Papadimitriou

  36. Current XFT Upgraded XFT Trigger cross section/rate extrapolation is based on existing data One example: High Pt CMX Muon • Main reason for the growth of trigger cross section is the increasing # of interactions per bunch crossing • By counting the number of vertices found offline, one could estimate the effective luminosity • Variation of bunch to bunch luminosity due to anti-proton intensity… Those information is used for rate extrapolation and cross checks Confirmation of XFT tracks by stereo layers is expected to yield a substantial reduction of fakes Vaia Papadimitriou

  37. Tracking (SVX & COT): High Occupancy Physics • At highest luminosities: • SVX efficiency minimally affected • COT efficiency more significantly impacted #hits on tracks SVX COT Number of interactions per event Vaia Papadimitriou

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