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AKS 37a: Terms, People, Places, & Events

AKS 37a: Terms, People, Places, & Events. Middle Ages. Era between the fall of the Western Roman Empire & the Renaissance. It had roots in: 1. The heritage of Rome. 2. The beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. 3. The customs of Germanic tribes. Disruption of Trade.

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AKS 37a: Terms, People, Places, & Events

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  1. AKS 37a: Terms, People, Places, & Events

  2. Middle Ages • Era between the fall of the Western Roman Empire & the Renaissance. • It had roots in: • 1. The heritage of Rome. • 2. The beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. • 3. The customs of Germanic tribes.

  3. Disruption of Trade • Merchants faced invasions. • Businesses collapsed. • Europe’s cities were no longer economic centers for trade. • Money became scarce.

  4. Downfall of Cities • Cities were abandoned as centers of administration.

  5. Population Shifts • Nobles & city dwellers fled to rural areas & started growing their own food. • No strong leaders were left in the cities.

  6. Decline in Learning • Germanic peoples: • Oral tradition. No written language, illiterate. • Roman peoples: • Level of learning sank when families left cities for rural areas. • Priest & Church officials were literate. • Greek was almost lost forever!!

  7. Loss of a Common Language • German-speaking peoples mixed with Roman Latin-speaking peoples. • Latin changed!! It was no longer understood!! • French, Spanish, etc. all came from Latin. • This also helped to break-up the empire.

  8. Gaul • Roman province where the Franks lived.

  9. Franks • Lived in Gaul. • Leader was Clovis who brought Christianity to the region.

  10. Clovis • Leader of the Franks. • During war, he prayed to the Christian God & won the battle!!! He then converted to Christianity. • He went on to united the Franks into one kingdom.

  11. Monasteries • Home to the Monks. Located in Rural areas & became Europe’s best-educated communities.

  12. Convents • Religious communities for nuns.

  13. Monks • Lived in monasteries. • Gave up their private possessions & devoted their life to serving God. • Opened schools, maintained libraries, & copied books using incredible details.

  14. Nuns • Lived in convents • Gave up their private possessions & devoted their lives to serving God.

  15. Benedict • Italian monk who wrote a book of strict rules for monks to live by. • Said they should work & pray evenly. • Established the Benedictine Order of Monks.

  16. Scholastica • Twin sister of Benedict. • Devoted her life to the church. • First nun of the Benedictine order. • They both died the same year & were buried in the same grave.

  17. Venerable Bede • An English monk. • Wrote a history of England. • Considered the best historical work of the Middle Ages.

  18. Pope Gregory I(AKA Gregory the Great) • Made Pope’s office spiritual & political. • Pope’s palace was the center of Government. • Used church money to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. Signed peace treaties with invaders.

  19. Secular Power • Concern with worldly matters and spiritual matters.

  20. Major Domo • AKA “Mayor of the Palace”. • He was the most powerful person in the Frankish Kingdom. • Officially: In charge of the royal household & estates. • Unofficially: Led armies & made policy. • Basically: He ruled the Kingdom!!!

  21. Charles MartelAKA Charles the Hammer • He was the “Mayor of the Palace”. • Had more control than the king. • United the Franks!!

  22. Battle of Tours • 732: Charles Martel defeated the Muslim raiders from Spain. • This stopped the spread of Islam, saving the Western Church.

  23. Pepin the Short • Son of Charles Martel. Wanted to be King. • Helped the Pope defeat the Lombards, when they were threatening Rome. • In return, the Pope anointed Pepin “King by the Grace of God”.

  24. Carolingian Dynasty • The family that ruled the Franks from 751 – 987. • Pepin had 2 sons • Carloman (the oldest son) • Charles (younger) • Pepin died in 768 • His oldest son, Carloman died a few years later. • In 771 Charles became the King

  25. Charlemagne (Slide 1 of 7){AKA Charles the Great} • 771: Charlemagne ruled the entire Kingdom. • Two Goals: • 1st goal: Control all of Western Europe • 2nd goal: Convert all of Western Europe to Christianity

  26. Charlemagne (Slide 2 of 7){AKA Charles the Great} • 1st Goal: Control all of Western Europe • First he beat the Lombards in Italy. • Then he attacked the Saxons & won. • He defeated the Saxons-they fled to an island off the coast of Europe… • Britain… • They became the Anglo-Saxons (English)

  27. Charlemagne (Slide 3 of 7){AKA Charles the Great} • 2nd Goal: Convert all of Western Europe to Christianity • He did this through conquests!!!

  28. Charlemagne (Slide 4 of 7){AKA Charles the Great} • November 24th, 800 Pope Leo III asked Charlemagne to help him get the support of the people back of his people … And he did. • Christmas Day, 800 • Charlemagne was worshiping at St. Peter’s Church in Rome when the Pope put a crown on his head & gave him the title of “Roman Emperor”. • The Roman Empire in the West had been reborn and Charles was the 1st Roman Emperor since 476.

  29. Charlemagne (Slide 5 of 7){AKA Charles the Great} • Charlemagne accepted … but was not happy • It made it look like his power came from the Pope & he believed that his power came from God. • He said that he never would have came to Rome had he known that the Pope was going to crown him. • The Pope did this because he wanted the people to know that Charlemagne owed him his crown…

  30. Charlemagne (Slide 6 of 7)AKA Charles the Great • Strengthened his royal power by limiting the authority of the nobles. • Royal agents made sure that the powerful landholders governed their counties justly. • Charlemagne regularly visited every part of his Kingdom. • Greatest accomplishment: The encouragement of learning!!!

  31. Charlemagne (Slide 7 of 7)AKA Charles the Great • Greatest accomplishment: The encouragement of learning!!! • He kept English, German, Italian, & Spanish scholars around him constantly. • He opened a Palace School & ordered monasteries to open schools to train future monks & priests.

  32. Louis the Pious • 814: Emperor Charlemagne died & left power with Louis. • Louis was a devoutly religious man, but an ineffective leader!!! • Made a really bad mistake before he died. . . he left the Frankish Empire to his three sons. . . Uh-oh. . .

  33. Lothair, Charles the Bald, & Louis the German • What do you think happened???? • They fought one another for control of Europe!!! DUH!!!

  34. Treaty of Verdun • 843: The brothers signed this treaty that divided the Frankish Empire into three Kingdoms. • As a result, Carolingian Kings lost power & central authority broke down! • The lack of strong rulers led to a new system of governing & landholding --- feudalism!!!!

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