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Deborah Duveskog, SLU Esbern Friis-Hansen, DIIS

Evaluating Empowerment in the Rural Small-holder Context: Lessons from East Africa. Deborah Duveskog, SLU Esbern Friis-Hansen, DIIS. The small-holder context. Changing rural context No package solutions Globalised markets Incresed trends for decentralisation and demand driven services.

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Deborah Duveskog, SLU Esbern Friis-Hansen, DIIS

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  1. Evaluating Empowerment in the Rural Small-holder Context: Lessons from East Africa Deborah Duveskog, SLU Esbern Friis-Hansen, DIIS

  2. The small-holder context.. • Changing rural context • No package solutions • Globalised markets • Incresed trends for decentralisation and demand driven services Requires farmers that are able to take control!

  3. Farmer Empowerment.. • “A process that increases the capabilities of smallholder farmers and farmer groups to make choices and to influence collective decisions towards desired actions and outcomes on the basis of those choices” (DANIDA 2004) “Before, if somebody asked me what I do I used to say “nothing”. Now I proudly answer; “I am a farmer”. Kellen Wambui, Mureri FFS, Nakuru, Kenya

  4. 1. Opportunity Structures • Institutional climate • Social and political structures Development Outcomes 2. Agency of the Poor Assets and Capabilities Individual level Collective level Theoretical Framework Empowerment (Sen, Narayan, World Bank, DANIDA)

  5. Farmer Field Schools (FFS).. …a laboratory for critical reflection

  6. Agro-eco System Analysis (AESA) Observation Analysis Synthesis /discussion Presentation

  7. AESA…

  8. Methodology Participatory development of indicators! • Of 1) Well-being and of 2) Empowerment!

  9. Methodology Household Survey 1. Well being ranking indicators : Access to land, work, use of workers, animal ownership, house, dressing, health /medical, food security 2. Empowerment indicators : Access to services, access to markets, membership in organisations, personal empowerment. 3. Attitude: “Likert Scale”perception of power to change / make decisions at household & community level

  10. Methodology Participatory methods.. • Individual interview • Focus group discussion • Visual tools Qual Quant

  11. Methodology I have a clear plan for how to improve my farm! When I talk other farmers take my ideas serious! In my village other people recognise me as somebody important! Attending community meetings is a waste of time! I am proud of being farmer! I believe that I can change my life to the better! Attitudes....

  12. Results Statistical Analysis (SPSS) `Factor Analysis’ of Attitude Questions Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Rotation Method: Equamax with Kaiser Normalization

  13. Results Empowerment Factors * FFS membership Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Rotation Method: Equamax with Kaiser Normalization

  14. Results Statistical Analysis (SPSS) Link between FFS participation and empowerment Indication of significance (Creamérs`V) : * p < 0.01; ** p < .005; *** p < .001

  15. Results Qualitative scope Output themes of individual and group interviews; Farming Decisions Relation to service providers Leadership Power / Part of decision making Community relations trust Local Organisation View of future.. Gender relations Challenging traditions

  16. Methodology Quant. on empowerment possible! but in combination with Qual. Merge perceptions & more direct expressions of emp. Difficult to understand critical consciousness Mutual learning process Content Link between FFS and empowerment Need to unpack the term empowerment Conclusions

  17. Esbern Friis Hansen efh@diis.dk Deborah Duveskog (deborah.duveskog@gmail.com) http://farmerfieldschools.net Thanks!

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