1. In Your Own Words… PARAPHRASING

2. By the End, You will Know… • How to put a passage in your own words without changing the meaning to make it clearer and, usually, shorter.

3. What is Paraphrasing? • PARAPHRASING IS… • A rewriting of text in your own words. • It is used to clarify meaning. • A paraphrase is usually shorter than the original, but not always.

4. So How Do You Do It? • Read the passage carefully • Decide the main idea and the main supporting detailof the passage • Highlight or underline important words or phrases • Put the main points in your own words Put me in your own words.

5. Example One from a history course Passage from Book • Ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He traveled to spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.

6. Good Example 1 ORIGINAL PASSAGE • Ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to many other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egyptin his place. PARAPHRASED PASSAGE • Egypt’s King Osiris, the first pharaoh, spread knowledge world-wide while Queen Isis ruled.

7. Poor Example 1 • Highlighted Passage • Ancient Egyptiansbelieved that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place. Poor Paraphrasing • King Osiris was an ancient Egyptian King and the first pharaoh. He was good and wise because he spread knowledge to other parts of the world. His wife Isis ruled Egypt in his place.

8. Example 2 Passage from Book • Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother Set, who cut Osiris’s body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it. Osiris and Set

9. Good Example 2 Original Passage • Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it. Paraphrased Passage • Osiris’s brother Set killed Osiris by cutting his body into pieces, and Isis put the body back together. Isis, Osiris’s wife

10. Poor Example 2 • Highlighted Passage • Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it. Poor Paraphrasing • Osiris was murdered and Isis found the body

11. Your Turn Remember the Rules • Read the passage carefully • Find the main ideas • Highlight important words or phrases • Put the main points in your own words • Keep the original meaning and emphasis. Passage from Book • In 1857, a British expedition led by Richard Burton and John Speke set out to find the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. After reaching Lake Tanganyika, the two men split up because Burton was ill.

12. Now You Try Remember to highlight the right words • In 1857, a British expedition led by Richard Burton and John Speke set out to find the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. After reaching Lake Tanganyika, the two men split up because Burton was ill. • Which one is the best? • Richard Burton and his friend looked for the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. The men split up. • In 1857, Richard Burton and John Speke searched for the great lakes on Ptolemy’s map, but they had to split up when Burton was ill. • Two men from Britain looked for the great lakes but had to split up because one was too illto continue. (hint: blue)

13. MORE Paraphrasing PRactice Passage • When boys have trouble with a math problem, they are more likely to think that a problem is hard but stay with it. When girls have trouble, they think they are stupid and tend to give up. Which Paraphrase? • Boys don’t find math difficult, but girls do. • Unlike boys, girls don’t do well at math problems. • When math problems are difficult, boys tend to work them out, while girls tend to stop trying, believing they are dumb.

14. …more practice Original Passage • Girls need to be encouraged to persevere in the face of difficulty, to calm down and believe in themselves. They need permission to take their time and to make many mistakes before solving the problem. They need to learn relaxation skills to deal with the math anxiety so many experience. Which Paraphrase? • Girls can be helped to overcome fear of math if they are allowed to take their time; they need to relax and understand that making errors helps them learn. • Girls tend to be anxious when they do math problems and need to relax. • With permission to make errors and to take their time, girls can learn relaxation techniques to deal with the math anxiety so many experience.

15. Remember the process • Read the passage carefully • Decide the main idea and the main supporting detail of the passage • Highlight or underline important words or phrases • Put the main points in your own words