Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Production before Factories Factories and Factory Towns

1. Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Production before Factories Factories and Factory Towns The Factory System and Workers Quick Facts: Effects of the Factory System Factories and Mass Production Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

2. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Main Idea The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories. • Reading Focus • How was production organized before factories? • What were factories and factory towns like? • How did the factory system affect workers? • What was mass production, and what were its effects?

3. The Industrial Revolution Begins Witness History Audio: Stench and Sickness People Move to New Industrial Cities The Industrial Revolution caused rapid urbanization in Europe and North America. In the cities people coped with noise and air pollution and nasty smells. Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Color Transparency 118: In the Black Country, by Constantin Meunier Note Taking Transparency 129 1 of 8

4. Urbanization Living Conditions • Urbanization: the movement of people to cities • Changes in farming, soaring population and an increase in demand for workers led people to move from farms to the cities • Small towns near natural resources and cities near factories boomed instantaneity • Very little infrastructure • Little or no regulation of factories • Polluted air, noise of steam engines, rivers full of waste • The growth of industry and rapid population growth dramatically changed the location and distribution of 2 resources: • -labor & people People Move to New Industrial Cities

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7. The Industrial Revolution Begins New Social Classes Emerge The Industrial Revolution created two new classes of people: a middle class of entrepreneurs whose lifestyles were fairly comfortable and an industrial working class, who packed into tenements without running water or sanitation systems. Some British workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest of poor pay or working conditions. Methodism became a solace to many of the workers. Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice Life in the Factories and Mines Days were long in the factories and mines and days off were few. Accidents maimed people; dust in the mines made people sick. Women workers had no rest between factory and home work. Children also worked to keep food on the table. 2 of 8

8. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3 Color Transparency 117: Tremendous Sacrifice 6 of 8

9. The Factory System and Workers • New Class of Workers • Growth of middle class • Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen • Economy increased • The Industrial Working Class • The poor struggled to survive in slums • Packed into tiny rooms in tenements • Disease spread easily • Changing Labor Conditions • No government regulation • Labor unions organized but were illegal & held very little political power • Strikes & Riots brought change: Luddites • Workers in a New Economy • Wealthy to invest in, own factories • Mid-level to run factories • Low-level to run machines • Factory workers faced harsh conditions • Miners faced worse conditions • Children had dangerous jobs

10. The Leaden-Eyed by Vachel Lindsay Let not young souls be smothered out beforeThey do quaint deeds and fully flaunt their pride.It is the world’s one crime its babes grow dull,Its poor are oxlike, limp and leaden-eyed.Not that they starve, but starve so dreamlessly;Not that they sow, but that they seldom reap;Not that they serve, but have no gods to serve;Not that they die, but that they die like sheep.

11. Factories and Factory Towns • Where employees worked • Major change from cottage industry • Had to leave home to work • Hardships for some workers • Working in a factory • Dangerous work for all • Long workdays • Poor factory conditions common • Life in factory towns • Towns grew up around factories • Towns, factories rose near coal mines • Sanitation poor in many factory towns

12. Identify Supporting Details What are some facts that illustrate the difficulties of factory work? Answer(s): injuries, long workdays, noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation, inadequate food

13. The Industrial Revolution Begins The Results of Industrialization In time, the Industrial Revolution also benefited many working-class people. When wages rose, many could afford entertainment and travel in addition to food and shelter. Section 3: Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Witness History Video: In Old New York QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 3 of 8

14. Identify Cause and Effect How did the factory system affect different groups? Answer(s): Different groups that were part of the factory system became part of the middle class.

15. Mass Production Effects • Mass production began in U.S. • Elements: • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line • Production and repair more efficient • Production more swift • Dramatic increase in production • Businesses charged less • Affordable goods • More repetitious jobs • Soon became norm Factories and Mass Production The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories.

17. Summarize What was mass production? Answer(s): a system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

18. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3 Note Taking Transparency 129 5 of 8

19. The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 3 Progress Monitoring Transparency 7 of 7