1. Black Hole • Extremely dense point = Singularity – Bottom of the funnel • Billion tons/golf ball • Enormous gravity field • Light cannot escape from a black hole • Looks like a funnel • Top of Funnel = Event Horizon

2. Black Holes come from Collapsed Massive Stars • Massive > 8 solar masses • F=(M1xM2)/dist^2 (Newton’s universal law of gravitation • Massive star has to go supernova • Supernova is a star which explodes • Proton-proton chain reaction = Nuclear Fusion • Burn H into He – Sun wants to explode all the time

3. Proton-Proton (Nuclear Force) v Gravity • Nuclear furnace goes out when runs out of fuel • H->He->O->…->Fe • Star core fusion produces energy until it starts to burn Fe . . . Now it requires energy! • The core no longer can win against gravity • Star collapses into the core • Rebounds • Spews elements 1-92 into space

4. Neutron Star • Something left over in the core is either a neutron star or , if the progenitor star was very massive, a black hole.

5. Element Synthesis • Elements 1-26 are forged in ordinary stars • Heavy elements up to 92 are formed by supernovas • Strong Nuclear Force (double-sided sticky tape) holds the protons (+) together • Protons that get smashed together stay together • Supernovas occur every second in the universe

6. Space-Time Continuum (the fourth dimension) • Arrow of time points forward • Law of Entropy – disorder increases with time (things left to themselves) • Masses on a space-time continuum for an indent called a gravity well and it loks like a funnel