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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. The Rise of Russia. Before the Czars. Not really involved with outside world before the late 15 th century Mongol domination limited contacts Let local administrators rule, but limited cultural and econ development 1480 Poland, Lithuania, and others Western Contacts.

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia

  2. Before the Czars • Not really involved with outside world before the late 15th century • Mongol domination limited contacts • Let local administrators rule, but limited cultural and econ development • 1480 • Poland, Lithuania, and others • Western Contacts

  3. The Czars and Expansion • Duchy of Moscow • Ivan III • Orthodox and nationalism • Revival • Agricultural and peasant labor • Ivan IV (the terrible) • Killed Nobles for treason (boyars) • Third Rome • Supervision of all Orthodox Churches • Expansionist

  4. Ivan IV

  5. Expansionist patterns • Central Asia • Caspian Sea, Ural Mountains, Western Siberia • Cossacks • South to the Ottoman empire • Limits Nomadic Groups invasions • Multicultural

  6. Westerners and the Romanov Policy • The Ivans- increased, but managed Western contacts (trade centers with the British, Italian architects, etc.) • Ivan IV dies, not heirs • Chaos and fighting • Eventually Michael Romanov chosen from among the Boyars • Restores order and drives out invaders • Attempts to restore old Orthodox, before Mongols, exile all dissidents

  7. Westernization (1700’s) • Peter I (Peter the Great) • Traveled to the West and pushes Westernization (brings back artisans) • Autocratic Ruler • Western Military, Secret Police • Wars with Sweden and Ottomans • St Petersburg

  8. Westernization Con’t • Influenced much of Russian life • Politics, economics, and cultural change • Centralization of Power, bureaucracy • Law and Tax code changes (unification) • Mining and metallurgy • Early manufacturing • Upper class-shave beards, western clothes, attempts to improve education • Only for the wealth

  9. Catherine the Great • 1762-1796 • Weak rulers prior to her (Following Peter I) • Centralization and royal authority • Limits Westernization (no foreign political writings, more power of nobles over serfs, etc) • Westernization (patron of the arts, Western architecture, Enlightenment ideas) • Colonize Siberia, claim Alaska, explored down the coast of California • Crimea and the Black Seas

  10. Serfdom • Before the Mongols, peasants were relatively free • 16th and 17th centuries this was promoted by Csars, to keep nobles happy and maintain central authority • Most people were this, paid high taxes and performed tough labor • Like slaves, tied to land, even bought and sold • Eastern Europe as well as Russia

  11. Social Unrest • Peasants were unhappy with positions • Don’t try to increase production just to make landlords wealthier • Don’t blame the Czar though, blame landlords for living conditions • A number of revolts in the 17th Century, but all suppressed • Pugachev rising of 1770’s (reign of Catherine the Great)

  12. Pugachev uprising

  13. Trade and Economics • Most of Russia, Rural and Agricultural • Russia is a Great Land Empire • Not many artisans, very few cities • Nobles dominate and prevent strong commercial class • Still adequate revenue and growing population • Westerns conduct trade activities • Agriculture-still traditional

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