Update on FEMA/USACE StS Training & Program

1. FEMA FEMA US&R Response Sys/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers US&R Structure Specialist Program Update on FEMA/USACE StS Training & Program Oct08

2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Urban Search and Rescue Program The Corps was founded during the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. We have provided support to the Army and the Nation since, with engineers at West Point since 1802 and involvement with flood control since 1866. The Corps is part of the Department of the Army, under the Department of Defense. The Corps has about 35,000 employees worldwide providing engineering services in many capacities, including disaster response and post-war recovery.

3. USACE US&R Program • USACE involvement in US&R is spelled out in the National Response Framework • ESF#3 - DoD is the Lead Agency providing engineering support in both Pre-Scripted and Post-Scripted Missions • ESF#9 - DoD is a Support Agency to DHS/FEMA • USACE is designated by DoD to provide US&R Structures Specialist training for FEMA and USACE **Other Agencies benefit by having their engineers attend training** • Tom Neidernhofer, P.E. Program Manager • South Pacific Division Corps of Engineers

4. USACE in Support of US&R • USACE - US&R Program – • Initiated in 1990 at Readiness Support Center • USACE receives funding from FEMA & DoD • Provides StS Training • For FEMA, USACE & State (space available basis) • Maintain USACE StS Cadre (60 StS) • Supports FEMA IST and Task Forces • Provides Technical Assistance to local jurisdictions w/ rescue efforts • Provides Technical Assistance to Military Regarding US&R Support • Provides other agency support (Federal, State, Local)

5. Overview of StS Roles The Structures Specialist will typically be assigned to one of the following positions: • Task Force Structures Specialist– FEMA, USACE & State Certificated StSs are eligible for this role. Some State US&R TF have USACE Certificated StS • Number of FEMA TF StS = about 160 • Number of USACE StS = about 60 • Number of USACE Certificated, State StS = more than 100 • US&R Incident Support Team (IST) Struc Specs Selected FEMA StSs are eligible for this role • Number of US&R IST StS = about 12 • USACE StSs provide technical support to the US&R IST StS.

6. Requirements for StS - Specific • Currently licensed as a Civil Engineer specializing in Structures or Equivalent • Struct Sub-group determines equivalency • A minimum of five years experience in structural design and analysis to include evaluation of existing structures, field investigation or construction observation experience. • Expertise in Structures

7. USACE – StS-1 Training • StS1 – Presented 20 times since 1992 • FEMA US&R & Risk vs. Reward • Building Systems and Collapse • Hazard I.D. & Mitigation • FEMA Shoring Systems • Heavy Equipment & Rigging • Recon, Building Markings Formats • Currently scheduled StS1 • 2 thru 7 Nov08 • 25 thru 30 Oct09 • Cadre of 6 outstanding instructors • Normally use 3 or 4 each class • Most training at Moffett Field, CA

8. USACE – StS-2 Training • StS2 – Presented 6 times; developed in 2004 • In response to request from StS to place them in situations where they need to make critical decisions • Curriculum • Advanced Learning Modules • Scenarios and Case Studies • Testing of FEMA Shoring & Pickets • Currently scheduled StS-2 • 17 thru 21 May09 • Cadre of 12 outstanding instructors • Normally use 10 each class • All training at Moffett Field, CA

9. USACE – Regional/Div. Training • StS Continuing Education • Presented in all 3 FEMA Divisions yearly • Total Station & Advanced GPS Training • Presented on weekends • FEMA, USACE & State StS • 2008 • East, MDTF-1: 26-27Apr08 • West, CATF-5: 26-27Jul08 • Central, USACE St Louis: 22-23Nov08 • 2009 • East, FLTF-1: 4-5Apr09 • West, CATF-3: 26-27Jul09 • Central, USACE St Louis: 14-15Nov09

10. StS-FOG & SOG2 • FOG is maintained and edited by SSG • FOG is issued during StS1 Training • 10 – FOGs have been sent to all FEMA TFs • Following each major revision • All printing by Government Printing Office – USACE paid • FOG6 is about to be released • SOG is maintained and edited by SSG • It contains the first 4 sections of FOG + some tables • Was suggested by Rescue Spec. – reduced FOG • SOG2 is about to be released • Printable files of both are available on DisasterEngineer.org • May be purchased at cost from Rescuedirect.com

11. Disasterengineer.org Official Site of SSG • Home page with links • StS Training Application • Structural Collapse Awareness Link • Library • Operations Guides - FOG & SOG • Manuals • Training Modules – StS & HERS Prereqs. • StS & HERS Forms • Multimedia • Shore Test Videos • Training Photos • FAQ

12. Structural Collapse Awareness Training • Developed by SSG • Condensed version of FEMA SCT01c Struct. Sys. • Two hours in length vs 4hr for SCT01c. • Specified as prerequisite to SCT Training by FEMA Rescue WG. • Intended to satisfy (exceed) FEMA, Position Description, General Requirement. • Presented to Rescue Sys 2 students at CATF-3 • Recorded by USACE Readiness Support Ctr. • Available on CD for just in time learning & review. • Available on RSC website – link from Disasterengineer.org.

13. Raker Shore & Picket Testing • Testing done as part of StS2 – at CATF-3 site • Raker Tests (pairs of braced rakers) • 15 - Solid Sole & 6 - Split Sole Tests • Verified over-strength & use of Trough • Picket Tests (driven by StS) • 40-1” x 48” plain bar & 8 – 1” x 48” Rebar, • 13 - 5/8 x 36” Screed Pins • Developed/verified design values for use in FOG

14. Raker Test Setup

15. Laced Post & Dbl T Shore Testing • Testing done as part of StS2 – at Moffett Field • Verification of system performance • Observation of failure mode & warning signs • Laced Post Tests (32k Design Str x 12.5’ high) • 12 - tests using 2x4 diagonals • 6 - tests using plywood bracing • Achieved 3x design strength & warning signs • Most times failure occurs at knots in posts • Double Tee Tests (hope for 32k Design Str) • 7 - tests with different size/spacing of plywood bracing • Attempting to match performance of Laced Post using lighter shore & smaller footprint

16. 280k Vertical Shore Tester 110k 30k 4 - 50T Rams under Steel Fl

17. LP- 63 2008-Test Configurations – 12’-2” high LP- 62 DT- 61 DT- 62 115k 144k 85k (bad posts) 115k Intent was to better restrain posts & force greater deflection in the header/post and post/wedges/sole connections. Except for DT-61 the intent was realized

18. Shoring Changes, SCT ver3 • Better define the Multi-story Shoring Rules • Add Double T Shore, much better than old T • Introduce Half-Gusset for use in Vert. Shores, & discourage the use of 2x4 cleats (not rakers) • Show Laced Post w/all K bracing + any way OK • Omit Type 1 Sloped Fl Shore – dangerous dig-in • Type 2 & 3 Sloped Fl Shore, - wedges at post to sole cleat are optional. Just drive post tight (wedges get in way of bracing)

19. Shoring Changes, SCT ver3 (cont.) • Type 2 & 3 Sloped Fl Shores may be used on soil, and add wood footing when not on paving/concrete. Also omit inside diags if their length is less than 7ft. • Emphasize Flying Sole Raker as temporary, spot shore, It has 6ft long wall plate, level bottom brace and 60deg raker. Design load is about 1000lb (less than the 2500lb for full rakers) • Reduce the 17-16d nails to 14 for Raker, 24” cleats (45 deg) • Reduce the 26-16d nails to 20 for Raker, 30” cleats (60 deg)

20. Shoring Changes, SCT ver3 (cont.) • Use Trough Base for Flying Raker • Show Split Sole Raker w/ sloped lower brace, if needed to fit over rubble next to wall. • Add 18”sq. foot under Trough base for Split Sole on soil (U-channel Base is 2nd choice) • Solid Sole Raker may be used on Soil, as well as Hard Surface (add 18” sq. wood foot on soil) • Show new splice for Raker Horizontal Braces • Show revised Cutting Table • Revised “Use of Framing Square” added slide

21. Switch to Change Triage to Rapid Recon