Overview

1. FAST BREAK: Career and College Readiness Through Accelerated LearningbyDr. Barry SternBsels@aol.com (540) 751-0601www.hipie.org, www.habermanfoundation.orgPresentation to _____ School District____, 2009

2. Overview • Demographic, socio-economic and high school performance trends in ______ • Your District’s/School’s major challenges? • Assumptions to guide new approaches to career and college readiness • Fast Break Program • History of Fast Break • The what, why, who, and how of program • Evaluation evidence + why it works • Alternative target groups and costs • Discussion: Starting Fast Break at ____ District

3. Major world problem: Unemployed and under-skilled youth • Result = poverty, crime, gangs, social unrest, illegal immigration, migrant labor, tensions with surrounding nations. • Poorly prepared population, particularly in technical areas, slows economic growth • Acute problem among young men. Female participation in higher education much greater in many countries, including U.S.

4. U.S. leaders concerned! • In so many meetings I have had in my district and elsewhere, employers say that our high school graduates are not ready for the workplace. Colleges say that our high school graduates are not ready for the college classroom. This is unacceptable. Congressman George Miller, Chair, House Education Committee, Speech on NCLB, 7/30/07 • The American high school is obsolete. Bill Gates, Microsoft • The longer kids are in the American school system, the worse they do relative to their peers in other countries. Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).

5. Universal challenge: schools keeping up with economic + technological change • Instructors who haven’t kept up • Obsolete curricula, assumptions about schooling, equipment • Dumbing down of curricula or lowering standards due to unprepared students • Lack of accountability, incentives to promote competition and quality • Minimal industry involvement in education • Bureaucracy Industry + College Requirements Capacities of Educational System/Programs

6. When gap gets too big, major federal education initiatives follow • 1957 – Sputnik • 1983 – “Nation at Risk” study • 1991 – America 2000 initiative • 2001- No Child Left Behind National Defense Education Act

7. Flurry of reforms and innovations: • Better teacher training, standards, selection methods • Higher pay, merit pay, school bonuses • Smaller schools, schools-within-schools, alternative • Magnet schools, career/theme academies • School report cards, accountability • Charter schools, competition, choice • Dual enrollment in community colleges • Computer-assisted instruction, online courses, etc.

8. More money invested in schools, yet … • Reading and math scores barely increase • High school and college drop out rates remain high, • High need for remediation among college entrants • Low employer satisfaction with graduates

9. Student population has changed: • More ethnically diverse • More from single parent households, more half-siblings • More speak English as 2nd language • More low-income qualifying for school lunch program • More experiencing/witnessing abuse (drug, physical, mental, etc.) • More transience – changing home location • More with disabilities (e.g. autism + related brain disorders) • Worse basic skills

10. Many with increased emotional “Load” Youth arrive at school with heightened emotional affect • Home - Impact of divorced or single parent family or home with turmoil • Media - conflict images and language • TV Programming with emotional and physical violence (solving conflict through physical means) • Advertising to pressure youth to do/buy something • Youth reacting on emotional impulse rather than clearly choosing life serving behavior or learning • PTSD in high violence environments • Psychological symptoms in schools similar to that occurring in war torn environments

11. Effects of youth with high emotional load • Reduced attention span • Distracted focus and low productivity • Reduced and disrupted learning capacity • Bullying and displacing emotions • Tragic sexual expression • Excessive illness and/or lateness • Limited opportunities and no safe format for students to express/reduce internal and external conflicts from home or school

12. Yet high schools have changed little in last 50-80 years • Courses still called English, math, science, social studies, physical education, art, etc. • School day = 6-7 periods/day – students change what they do in response to a bell every 45-50 minutes • 50-minute foreign language classes despite evidence of minimal effectiveness • Dualisms - college vs career prep, knowledge vs skills • College counselor and career counselors are different people, etc. • Little awareness of changing world of work

13. And students have been signaling for a long time that they… • Are bored/ not challenged – Astin’s (UCLA) studies of college freshmen over 30 years • Believe many teachers don’t care • Feel alienated and don’t fit in • Enjoy after-school activities far more than in-school activities (sports, clubs, robotics/debate/voc skills competitions, etc.)

14. U.S. urban high schools teach anti-work behaviors and attitudes • No screening process for getting the job beyond showing up. • There is a "boss" who will watch what you do and see that you do it. • You can come and go as much as you want and still keep the job. • You can be absent as long as you have a note from a doctor or a good excuse. • If you are late or absent, you can simply start working again without having to make up for or even know what you missed. • You get paid for the time you spend at work, not for what you accomplish. • No matter how long you work, the job never changes. • You can get a raise because of the length of time you have "worked." • You don't have to really respect anyone who can't hurt you. • It won't matter if the place is successful or the work gets screwed up; that's not your problem. • It won't matter how many mistakes you make; you'll get another chance • You don't have to remember or follow the work rules if no one tells them to you. Prof. Martin Haberman, “Unemployment Training”, EdNews.org, 2007, Phi Delta Kappan, 1997.

15. “Assembly line” high school unlikely to significantly improve reading and math scores, graduation rates, employer satisfaction with graduates, etc. In its best days, never worked for half the students (most in authority benefited from current system) Never really changed how h.s. classes are organized, or tapped into desire of adolescents to become part of a group with a higher purpose and winning mission. Never asked teachers to work together and communicate about students they mutually teach. Colleges more sophisticated but many still trapped in disconnected disciplinary silos that struggling entrants cannot relate to.

16. Fast Break approach: Better, faster, cheaper with more joy leading to result that is important to the student right now:

17. History of Fast Break • Focus Hope’s Fast Track program began in 1989 – readiness for Machinist Training • Colin Powell’s visit to FH in 1993 led to federal interest to replicate FH programs in other cities • $1 million grant from NSF to replicate Fast Track in Los Angeles – 3 year demo • “Operation Fast Break” in Michigan, 2000-03 – 6 sites + Fast Break Futures (welfare to work) • Alabama uses as front-end of workforce development programs – Roger Penske + Gov.

18. What is “Fast Break”? • Computer-assisted, intensive, accelerated learning / work preparation model that emphasizes reading, math, basic computer applications, employability and interpersonal skills.

19. Fast Break provides immersion-type curriculum that is effective and popular with young adults and teenagers • Cross-disciplinary, team taught courses with cross-trained instructors • Facilities, methods, and interpersonal relations that model high performance workplace • Workplace discipline and effective time management • Daily feedback on class and individual performance • Integration of “soft” skill training with “hard” academics • Heavy use of courseware (e.g. PLATO, NovaNet, Key Train, WIN) to manage instruction and reporting.

20. Fast Break provides ... • Strong career guidance and information to help select a career field (“menu’) • Fundamental learning and generic work skills to benefit from college or succeed in most entry-level career-track jobs (“meal’) • Certification of skills in math, reading, and basic computer applications (“dessert”) • Extended job/college placement and follow-up to ensure success (“social contract”)

21. Career Development Stages and Skill Levels Education and Training for Careers(“meal”) Skill Certification and Placement into Jobs or Further Education (“dessert’) Career Guidanceand Information (“menu”) Company/employer- specific skills Industry-specific Skills(Portable Credentials) Generic Work Skills How to use resources, process information, use technology,understand systems, relate to others, work on teams Fundamental Skills Personal Qualities Responsibility, integrity, self-confidence, moralcharacter, loyalty, etc. Basic SkillsReading, writing, speaking, listening, math Thinking Skills How to learn, create, solve problems, make decisions, etc. Source: Dr. Barry Stern, Career and Workforce Development Trends: Implications for Michigan Higher Education, FerrisState University, August 2003.

22. Who Are The Participants? Anyone needing better skills and/or work habits to enter college or career-track work: • Out-of-school young adults (h.s. grads/dropouts) • High school students • College freshmen needing remedial education • Welfare recipients needing better skills + work habits • Ex-offenders • Displaced workers/homemakers re-entering job market • Incumbent workers desiring advance from basic level • Recent immigrants needing skills and orientation to U.S. system of work and education

23. Critical elements of Fast Break: • Team approach – • Staff complement each other’s abilities and background • Haberman Star Teacher Interview protocol to select staff • Team challenges + customer service incorporated into instruction • Disciplined learning environment, attendance stds. • Academic entry and exit standards • Application of high performance workplace principles – touches all aspects of “human capital” • All instructors accessible to students the entire day • High intensity to accelerate gains (e.g. 5-8 hours/day for 8-12 weeks = 320 hours

24. Critical elements (cont’d) Reading and math as workplace fundamentals Heavy use of courseware, software to save time Effective methods to reach students with different information processing preferences and degrees of “emotional loading” – teach emotional intelligence as teamwork component Immediate outcome that grads value – e.g. job, college, faster advancement thru school/college Strong business advisory committee Data collection/entry on student performance and follow up what graduates are doing

25. Eventually introduce into program … • Teacher visits to supervisors of grads in their workplace – one day per month; feedback from workplace that possibly can be incorporated into curriculum • Community service project • Opportunities for grads to give back to program • Catered “power lunch” with local business leader • Saturday morning special workshops, e.g. • Internet etiquette • Workplace safety

26. How Does Fast Break Work? Tightly scripted curriculum of high-level, highly integrated academics that are taught along with computer applications to solve work-related problems, while building workplace habits and personal character. Model uses a “boot camp” or highly focused approach to prepare students to succeed at the next level - a job or additional schooling.

27. FAST BREAK Program Details The What, Why, How, & Who of the Program.

28. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS WorkKeys Level 3 Reading for Information Applied Math Commits to attend 5-8-hours-a-day for 8-12 weeks Commits to going to work or school after graduating GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS WorkKeys Level 4 and + 1 level (math, reading, locating info.) Satisfactory career speech Satisfactory progress in basic computer applications (IC3 cert?) Proper attitude (can work as team member, accepts criticism) Certified attendance (no more than three unexcused absencesor tardies) Remains drug free FAST BREAK …

29. “Operation FAST BREAK” Program Two Components: • Fast Break – job/college readiness • Step-Up – math/reading readiness for Fast Break through courseware-assisted tutoring, with mentors overseen by specialists

30. CONTENT Math (computer-assisted + small group) Reading Computer Applications- Word Processing- Spreadsheets- Databases- WINDOWS- Graphics Programs Career & Employability Skills- Speaking, listening, bus. writing- Time management/calendars- Career selection- Resumes- Interviewing- Work habits PRINCIPLES/CULTURE Hard work + high expectations Earn way in and right to stay in Integrated curriculum in applied work context Continual feedback + improvement Practice fundamentals daily, including learning on demand Teamwork Personal responsibility& discipline Freedom from drugs Reward for effort and excellence Respect for others Primacy of the customer Employer driven FAST BREAK …

31. Set positive emotional tone through … • Total respect for “co-workers and supervisors” commensurate with high performance workplace • Language tools to deal with conflict and disagreement • Awareness of emotional functioning and how to manage emotional states • Use of “council” format to work through group challenges and acknowledge individual contributions • Parent support trainings to reduce emotional load at home (high school-based programs) and thus facilitate student accomplishment.

32. Features of FAST BREAK environment • Students buy in by 1st week – why they’re there • Little lecturing – instead, small group + computer-assisted to handle multiple ability levels in class • Class usually split in 2 – ½ computer lab; ½ classroom, and they switch periodically • No down time – everyone has daily plan + “plan B” • Math, reading, computer instructors assist one another + integrate curricula whenever possible • Career development and workplace applications throughout the curriculum • Staff meet daily after students leave to discuss day

33. Demonstrated successes of Fast Break-type programs • 80% program completion rate • 80% placement rate of graduates into jobs or college • 2.5 grade-level gains in math and reading in 7 Weeks, i.e. 1-2 WorkKeys levels • Computer application skills (word processing, spreadsheets & data bases) • Higher college placement test scores • Self directed learners • High degree of employer satisfaction with graduates

34. Employment impact Employers say graduates… • Are more trainable than most they have hired • Demonstrate ability to learn on their own as well as work on teams • Are punctual, responsible, eager to learn • Saves them money on recruiting, turnover, absenteeism & worker accidents.

35. Unusual outcomes • Males do as well as females • Large classes (30-40) do better than small ones (15-25) • Military recruiters in L.A. loved Fast Break • University students would enroll in the summer to hone their math and English skills (FB was “free” – only small processing fee) • Some parents enrolled, too, after their kids graduated and got jobs

36. Instructors benefit, also • Learn to function in a team-oriented educational environment • Improve own basic skills • Learn how to use educational technology and office equipment • Learn about different careers and the local economy • Improve instructional effectiveness by obtaining feedback from graduates and employers

37. Potential measures of high school success Scores on Student Achievement Tests High School Retention & Graduation High School Attendance Rates Enrollment in Advanced Placement Courses College Enrollment & Retention

38. Not yet tested in high schools, but … • $ millions federal + state have supported model for out-of-school youth (“wish they had it in high school”) • Content is secondary education • Some L.A. high school students successfully completed program during their summer break • Focus:HOPE has had success in using it to improve the college and work readiness of a number of Detroit high school students.

39. Features of Educational Software • Organized by Skill Level • Short Lessons • Identify Skill Gaps • Management System • attendance, time on task, lesson completion rates • Reports & Complete Tracking • Ease of Use for both Students & Instructors • Appealing Graphics

40. Courseware aligned to Work Keys+ WIN or KeyTrain curriculum Curriculum Content • Applied Math • Reading for Information • Locating Information • Writing Workbooks Available Other courseware (e.g. PLATO, NovaNet) can align to ACT test, G.E.D. and other assessments

41. Career Readiness Credential based on 3 WorkKeys Assessments 1. Reading 2.Math 3.Locating Information • Bronze = Achievement at Level 3 • Silver = Achievement at Level 4 • Gold = Achievement at Level 5 Increasingly recognized by employers. Higher levels indicate more jobs that you can learn.

42. Summary: Why Fast Break Works • Intensive, total immersion strategy • Emphasis on reading and math + integrated, contextually relevant curricula + learning on demand (e.g. career sp.) • Powerful incentives (e.g. job, college, grade promotion) • Continual data-based feedback (individual and team) • Nurturing staff continually communicates about students • Model high performance business environment with opportunities for informal learning • Teachers visit job sites to follow up with employers and graduates • Focus on specific competencies + disciplinary standards • Manage instruction with computers - repetition, diversity

43. Fast Break Sites in Michigan • Flint - Mott Community College (with Workforce Board) • ** Detroit - TWW Associates, Detroit - now Fast Break Futures that adds MOUS certification - TANF + other $$ • * Detroit - Focus:Hope Fast Track (18 years experience) • Plainwell - Michigan Career Technical Institute (individuals with disabilities) • Lake County - Workforce Board/Baldwin Community Schools • ** Macomb County - Lakeshore Adult School (with Workforce Board) • ** Hamtramck Alternative High School • ** Battle Creek - Strive/Urban League/Davenport College * Developed original model. ** Program no longer active.

44. Positioning Fast Break in High School: Options 12th grade/adult transition-to-work-or-college program, 9th grade unit of instruction to upgrade basic skills, provide career direction, work/study habits, and orientation to high school Front end of technical training programs Module during any high school year Alternative education program Summer school program + other of above option(s)

45. For high schools, cost should not be issue to implement Fast Break Have faculty who can be trained to operate Fast Break Alternative way of delivering math and basic English Have computers, printers, networks, office equipment and most facilities required for Fast Break Few student recruitment costs. If incentive structure is right, students will line up to attend Major new costs would be courseware, pre-program staff training, technical assistance during first 6 months, placement services, and data collection to follow up graduates

46. If school did not redirect current budget and added Fast Break to current offerings, it could serve 300 Step Up and Fast Break students/year with 20-30 computer workstations with a budget of: $660,000 in operating costs if you don’t overstaff (assumes nothing in place - staff, facilities or in-kind) and $780,000 if you overstaff by 1-2 FTE $2,500 per student for 320-hour program, or $7.80 per student hour. Another $150,000 for one-time start-up costs - software, computers, furniture & office equipment, minor remodeling

47. Annual Operating Costs = $780,000 Staffing + benefits for full-time Fast Break and part-time Step Up programs(incl. 2 FTE teaching assistants) WorkKeys assessment and Key Train or WIN curriculum materials Software renewals, books, supplies Rent, amortization of equipment Drug screens, insurance, advertising Telephone, printing, duplication Overhead @ 20% Capital Equipment & Expenses= $150,000 (Start-up – one time) Courseware licenses/student IDs PCs, file server, printers Copy machine, fax, telephones Office, classroom, computer furniture, equipment, bookshelves, storage cabinets, white boards Camcorder, VCR, TV, projectors Remodeling, computer installation Student smocks, tests, assessments Program Costs (if starting from scratch) Assume program serves 300 students per year with 20 computer workstations, 2/3 in Fast Break, 1/3 in Step Up

48. Steps for institutional implementation • Determine target group(s) and recruitment strategy • Develop incentives structure for institution, students, instructors – make sure it works for everybody • Select and train instructors (Fast Break full-time only) • Install computers in lab and student tracking software • Install educational software, purchase WIN or KeyTrain curriculum • Adjust school scheduling & staffing • Set benchmarks and outcomes

49. Hints for start-up success: staffing • For Fast Break, count on full-time staff (except perhaps director) whose only job is Fast Break. Step-up staff may be part-time or volunteers. • Make sure director is hands-on and can do almost everything instructors do. • Use Haberman Star Teacher Selection Interview to select staff • Overstaff initially since it is hard to replace instructors who are absent or leave program; surplus staff also provides opportunity to expand program after first year • Pay well to attract instructors who are cross-trained in 2-3 areas. • Diversity essential: Gender, age, experience in education Each site with at least one instructor with recent work experience outside formal education.

50. Questions? Observations?