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Understanding Financial Statement Information: Key Concepts and Challenges

chaney avatar
chaney
11 diapositives · 280 Views · Jul 16, 2014

This resource provides an overview of important topics in financial accounting and reporting, including the implications of proposed accounting rule changes, such as expensing employee stock options. It addresses the impacts on corporate profits, capital costs, and employee motivation. Key ideas discussed include information asymmetry, its effects on contracting costs and investor behavior, and the role of accounting in reducing such asymmetry through honest disclosure. Activities and discussions are included to deepen understanding of financial information demand and supply.

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  1. Overview • Administriva • Discuss Rally in the valley • Discuss Foster readings • Principal agent analysis • P&R#1

  2. Administrivia • Syllabus? Name Cards? • Collect Information sheets (with pictures).

  3. SEC Internet Assignment (Th 2/3) • Read Ch. 2 of APR (An Introduction to Applied Professional Research for Accountants, Ziebart et. al.) • Do the assignment defined in your packet. • Steps • go to http://www.sec.gov/edgarhp.htm • click the “Search the EDGAR Database” link • identify firm using “EDGAR CIK Lookup” • Search Edgar for information on these firms. • Answer all the questions posed in the exercise.

  4. Rally in the Valley (1) • What was the proposed accounting rule change that so upset people? • Expense employee stock option compensation • Why were people upset? • Impact on corporate profits • Impact on cost of capital, ability to do IPOs • Impact on ability to hire/retain/motivate staff • Adverse shareholder/political reaction

  5. Rally in the Valley • What was the regulators’ response to the protests? • Earnings should reflect the cost to existing stockholders of giving options to employees. • Full disclosure is in investors’ best interests • Who do you think was “right”? • Who do you think will win?

  6. Today’s work • Foster discussion in groups: • Group 1 1.2 • Group 2 1.3 & 1.4 • Group 3 1.5 • Group 4 2.2 • Group 5 2.3 & 2.4 • Group 6 2.5 • Group 7 2.6

  7. Key Ideas (1) • Understand the sources of demand for and supply of financial statement information • Demand • performance evaluation • investment decisions • contracting • Supply • firms (insiders -- mainly managers) • intermediaries (outsiders -- everyone else)

  8. Key Ideas (2) • Information asymmetry is the “key” friction which gives rise to the demand for financial statement information. • What is information asymmetry? • One party has information others do not have • Why is it a “bad”? • Opens the door for self-serving, opportunistic behavior by more informed party, erodes trust.

  9. Key Ideas (3) • Effects of more information asymmetry • increases contracting costs • impact on cost of capital • impact on demand and supply of capital • impact on investor behavior & social consequences • How to solve/reduce the problem? • disclosure: voluntary vs. mandatory • information production by intermediaries

  10. Key Ideas (4) • How does accounting reduce information asymmetry? • honest, truthful disclosure is a credible means of reducing information asymmetry by sharing the information possessed by the insider. • Disclosure must be useful to uninformed • relevant, reliable, timely • relevance is determined by user needs • reliability is ensured by 3rd party e.g. auditing

  11. Key Ideas (5) • Why is accounting information useful in reducing the problems created by information asymmetry? • standard definitions of terms • revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities • standard definitions make it easier for • contracting parties to agree on what numbers to use • auditors to verify assertions by the informed party