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Biometrics and Authentication

Biometrics and Authentication. Shivani Kirubanandan. Lets Define !. “ A biometric is a physiological or behavioral characteristic of a human being that can distinguish one person from another and that theoretically can be used for identification or verification of identity.”.

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Biometrics and Authentication

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  1. Biometrics and Authentication Shivani Kirubanandan

  2. Lets Define ! “A biometric is a physiological or behavioral characteristic of a human being that can distinguish one person from another and that theoretically can be used for identification or verification of identity.”

  3. Biometrics as Authentication Authentication depends on • What you have • What you know • What you ARE !

  4. Why Biometrics? • Identity thefts • Something you know can be stolen • Predicted or hacked • Reliability on manual verification

  5. Application Categories Biometric applications available today are categorized into 2 sectors • Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinal and Face recognition • Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature

  6. Biometric Authentication Process • Acquisition • Creation of Master characteristics • Storage of Master characteristics • Acquisition(s) • Comparison • Decision

  7. The metrics of Biometrics • FTE – Failure To Enroll • FTA – Failure To Accept • FAR – False Acceptance Rates • FRR – False Reject Rates

  8. Essential parameters • Liveness testing • Tamper resistance • Secure communication • Security Threshold level • Fall back node

  9. Fingerprint recognition • Divides print into loops, whorls and arch • Calculates minutiae points (ridge endings) • Comparisons • authentication

  10. Fingerprint techniques • Optical • Capacitive • Thermal • Ultrasonic

  11. Disadvantages • Racial issues • Dirt , grime and wounds • Placement of finger • Too big a database to process • Can be spoofed –liveness important!

  12. Hand Geometry • Geometry of users hands • More reliable than fingerprinting • Balance in performance and usability

  13. Disadvantage • Very large scanners

  14. Retinal Scanning • Scans retina into database • User looks straight into retinal reader • Scan using low intensity light • Very efficient – cant be spoofed!

  15. Disadvantages • User has to look “directly” • FTE ratio high in this biometric • Acceptability concerns • Light exposure • Hygiene

  16. Iris Scanner • Scans unique pattern of iris • Iris is colored and visible from far • No touch required • Overcomes retinal scanner issues • Contact lenses an issue?

  17. Face recognition • User faces camera • Neutral expression required • Apt lighting and position • Algorithms for processing • Decision

  18. Issues with Face Recognition?

  19. Issues • Identification across expression • FRR or FAR fluctuate • Easily spoofed • Tougher usability • High Environmental impact

  20. Behavioral • Voice • Signature • Typing pattern

  21. Voice Recognition • Speech input • Frequency • Duration • Cadence • Neutral tone • User friendly

  22. Disadvantages • Local acoustics • Background noise • Device quality • Illness , emotional behavior • Time consuming enrollment • Large processing template

  23. Signature Recognition • Signature measures (dynamic) • Speed • Velocity • Pressure • Captures images (static) • High user acceptance

  24. Issues • Signature variable with • Age, illness, emotions • Requires high quality hardware • High FRR as signatures are very dynamic

  25. Typing Patterns • User typing pattern • Speed • Press and Release Rate • Unique patterns are generated • comparisons

  26. Issues • Not very scalable • FRR is high • Can be spoofed – by simple technology (recorders)

  27. Usability issues in Biometrics • User acceptability • Knowledge of technology • Familiarity with biometric characteristic • Experience with device

  28. Usability issues… • Environment of use • Transaction criticality • Time consuming tasks

  29. Biometric solutions • Educate • Train • Explain Interfaces • Use Trainers • Supervised Playtime

  30. General issues • FTE posses problem • Biometric characteristics are not encrypted • Trust on input device • Cannot authenticate computers! • Privacy attack?!

  31. Current applications • Banks • Immigration facilities across USA • IDwidget – interesting research • Eyegaze at Stanford

  32. Class task • Sell your biometric product Case1 A bank needs an appropriate authentication mechanism to allow remote user transactions. What kind of multifactor system would you sell them?

  33. Class task… Case 2: • Suggest certain areas in which biometrics would prove disastrous • Note- You may suggest a particular combination of biometrics which may be disastrous to security and privacy

  34. Thank You!!

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