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Multimedia and Interactivity

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Multimedia and Interactivity Interactivity Allows users to manipulate information and to contribute to the story Promotes user involvement and understanding Results in an online journalism story that is a collection of contributions from journalists, experts and individual readers

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Multimedia and Interactivity

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  1. Multimedia and Interactivity

  2. Interactivity • Allows users to manipulate information and to contribute to the story • Promotes user involvement and understanding • Results in an online journalism story that is a collection of contributions from journalists, experts and individual readers

  3. Types of Media Elements • Graphics • Sound • Video • Rich content • Databases and interactive mashups

  4. Graphics • Photographs—Help convey the emotion or essence of the story • NYT Year in Pictures

  5. Techniques and Aestheticsfor Gathering Images • Picture composition (framing) • Three basic shots: • Long shot • Medium shot • Close-up • Rule of thirds • Eye space • Depth of field

  6. Graphics • Maps—Specify geographical location of the news story • NYT and Weekend Explorer

  7. Graphics • Technical illustrations—Show how a system works • NYT @ the Met • NYT Crane Collapse

  8. Graphics • Information graphics—Show relationships between numbers or concepts (bar chart, line chart) • NYT and The Ebb and Flow of Movies

  9. Sound • When to use sound • Does it help tell the story? • Does it convey to users a sense of being there? • How to integrate sound with the story • With basic HTML, a plug-in plays the sound clip • Supplement HTML with Java or Flash for a more immersive effect

  10. Digital Sound Formats • Streaming (RealAudio) • MP3 (best compromise for music) • Combinations • NYT and The Lourdes of Twang • NYT and Voices from the Polls

  11. Microphones • Three main types: • Hand-held • Lavaliere • Shotgun

  12. Recording Devices • Volume level and sound quality are important aspects • May choose format and quality before recording • Selection of digitizing quality includes additional parameters: • Sampling rate • Bit depth • Channels

  13. Video • When to use video • Does it help tell the story? • Does it show something unique? • How to combine video with the story • With basic HTML, video clips disrupt flow of story • Users should be allowed to choose whether they want to view video

  14. Video Aesthetics • Aspects of still photography apply to video • Camera moves: • Panning • Tilting • Zooming • Additional video considerations: • Compression, Sequencing, Sound bites

  15. Digitizing and Editing Audio and Video • Tradeoffs = higher quality but larger files require more bandwidth • Requires a specialized video capture card • Compression can make files smaller • MPEG-1 or MPEG-4 • Choose settings based on individual preferences, e.g., smooth motion or frame detail

  16. Rich Content • Additions to HTML that allow greater interactivity and control of individual media elements • Java • Flash • USAToday and Gasoline • MSNBC “Battle of the Bags”

  17. User-Generated Content • Forums and blogs • Databases • Crowdsourcing • Open-source journalism

  18. Making Media Decisions • Nature of the story • Target audience • Available resources

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