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This comprehensive examination delves into crucial biological topics, including genetics, cellular biology, evolution, and ecology. It outlines foundational concepts such as Darwin's theory of natural selection and the mechanisms of genetic drift and artificial selection. The text also highlights the importance of microbiology and biochemistry in understanding life processes. Insights into phylogeny and the evolution of organisms emphasize the interconnectedness within biological systems, offering a holistic view of life sciences essential for students and enthusiasts alike.

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    1. ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????

    2. ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????

    3. ???????????????????? ???????? 1. ????????????????????????? ?????? 10 2. ?????????????????????????????????????????? 10 3. ??????????????????????? ?????? 10 4. ???????????????? ?????? 10 5. ????????????????????????????????? ?????? 10 6. ?????????? ?????? 25 7. ?????????? ?????? 25

    4. ???????????? ????????????? 80 A ?????? 75-79 B+ ?????? 70-74 B ?????? 65-69 C+ ?????? 60-64 C ?????? 55-59 D+ ?????? 50-54 D ????????????? 50 E

    5. ????????????????????????? ???????? (Biology) ??????????????????????? 2 ?????? Bio=Life ??? Logos = Knowledge ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????

    6. ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 19 ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (MedicineJournals) ???????????????????????????????????????? 1 ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    7. ?????????????????? 3. ??????????? (Microbiology) ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1. ??????? (Biochemistry) ??????????????????????????????????????????????? 2. ???????????????? (Cellular Biology) ???????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????? 3. ????????? (Physiology) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    8. ?????????????? 4. ?????????? (Ecology) ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 1. ???????? (Biology) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????? 2. ???????????????? (Applied Biology) ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

    9. ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 4 ??????????

    10. ???????????????????????? 3. ???????? (Gene Theory) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? (DNA) ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    11. ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? (cellular matrix) ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????

    12. ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????? (Charls Darwin) ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????? (Natural Selection) ??????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? (Artificial Selection) ????????????????????????????? (Selective Breeding) ??????????????????????????????????????????? (Genetic Drift) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Modern Synthesis) ???????

    13. ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? (Phylogeny) ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? (Genealogical) ?????????????

    14. ???????????????

    15. ???????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????????? 1970-1979 ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????

    16. ????????????????????? ?????????????????

    17. ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????? (0pen system)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Dynamic Equilibrium) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????

    18. ?????????????????????? 1. ???????????????????????????? ????????????? 19 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Spontaneus Generation) ????????????????????????????????????? ?????? (William Harwey) ???????????? ????????????????? (Egg) ??????????????????????????????????????????

    19. ?????????????????????? 2. ??????????????????????? (Structure of Organism) 2.1 ??????????????? (Molecular Biology) ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    20. ?????????????????????? 2.3 ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????

    21. ??????????????

    22. ?????????????????????? 2.4 ???????????????? (Developmental Biology) ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? (Growth) ???????????(Development) ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? (Embryology) ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (Differentiation) ????????????????? (Morphogenesis)

    23. ?????????????????????? 3. ??????????????????????? (Physiology of Organism) ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ?????????????????????? (Plant Physiology) ????????????????????(Animal Physiology)

    24. ?????????????????????? ?????????????? (Anatomy) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Neurology) ??????????????????? (Immunology)

    25. ?????????????????????? 4. ????????????????????????? (Diversity and Evolution) ??????????? ????????????????????? (Biodiversity) ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Mamalogy) ?????????? (Ornithology) ????????????????????????????????????????????? (Herpetology) ??????????????????????????????????????????????

    26. ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (Population Genetics) ??????????????????

    27. ABC ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????

    28. ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????

    29. ?????????????????????? 5. ??????????? (Taxonomy) ?????????????? (Classification) ????????????????????????? (Systematics) ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????(Taxa) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Cladistic) ??????????????

    30. ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? (Kingdom) ????? (Phylum) ???? (Class) ?????? (Order)

    31. ?????????????????????? ???? (Family) ???? (Genus) ???? (Species)

    32. ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? (Metabolic Activity) Virusses-Viroids-Prions

    33. ?????????????????????? International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)-??? International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)-????? The Virus International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN)-?????

    34. ???? ???

    35. ??????????????????????

    36. ?????????????????????? ????????????? (Biogeography) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????

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