sociology assignment human

1. HUMAN RIGHT

2. Human Right should be viewed as an ongoing attempt to define human dignity worth and form human rights’ culture in future for society. The core principles of a human rights culture is going to survive only if people abide to sea a point in doing it so. It needs to be constantly shielded. The denial of human rights and fundamental freedoms not only is an individual and personal tragedy but also causes conditions of social and political unrest sowing the seeds of violence and conflict within and between Societies and Nations.

3. The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of decline or stagnation. The great geographic discoveries then in process were integrating Europe into a world economic system. New commodities, many of them imported from recently discovered lands, enriched material life. Not only trade but also the production of goods increased as a result of new ways of organizing production. Merchants, entrepreneurs, and bankers accumulated and manipulated capital in unprecedented volume.

4. Most historians locate in the 16th century the beginning, or at least the maturing, of Western capitalism. Capital assumed a major role not only in economic organization but also in political life and international relations. Culturally, new values —many of them associated with the Renaissance and Reformation—diffused through Europe and changed the ways in which people acted and the perspectives by which they viewed themselves and the world. In rural England by the middle of the sixteenth century, feudal customs prevented agriculture from becoming commercialized. Peasants possessed rights to the land's use and to live there, rights that the landed elite could not easily revoke.

5. The normative plurality of Europe had a major effect on European culture and society. It was marked by a wide variety of religions, cultures, languages and belief systems, all existing alongside each other without major conflict. This plurality greatly enhanced cultural exchange and encouraged the development of more tolerant views amongst Europeans towards those not belonging to their own tradition or faith. This helped foster dialogue between different groups as well as an understanding that diversity was beneficial rather than something to be feared. In turn, it allowed for a much more productive integration between different peoples and cultures in Europe than would otherwise have been possible

6. international human rights regime ongoing problems and solutions The international human rights regime is a complex system of interlocking legal norms, international institutions, and nongovernmental organizations connected to the cause of promoting, protecting, and enforcing human rights around the world. The founding document of this regime is the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights created in 1948. This document provides an articulation of basic rights and freedoms that every person deserves. A variety of international treaties have elaborated these principles further; these are binding agreements that specify particular duties for governments who ratify them. The International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over the most severe acts such as genocide or war crimes and stands alongside other institutions like the Office of High Commissioner on Human Rights in protecting vulnerable populations. By coordinating an advocating at levels from national to global, these groups make up the main drivers of change within this global regime and ensure that fundamental freedoms are protected everywhere.

7. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international agreement that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 as a common standard for all countries to uphold human rights. The UDHR supports various international human rights conventions and treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which covers political and civil rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which focuses on gender equality, and the Convention Against Torture (CAT), which prohibits torture and cruel or degrading punishments. Additionally, the UDHR also serves as a basis for many other human rights laws around the world. By recognizing these fundamental human rights and supporting their enforcement through conventions, the UDHR is an essential part of building a culture of respect for human dignity in all contexts. (UDHR) was established in response to the atrocities during WWII, including the Holocaust. The document outlines the human rights that all people are entitled to such as freedom from torture, freedom of expression, and the right to seek asylum. When those rights aren’t protected or blatantly disregarded it means they are violated UDHR is not the firs document to declare the rights, League of Nations took on a variety of human rights functions The formulation of the UDHR it self included consultation with scholars,activists and political actors throug out the world The first two articles proclaims principle such as freedom

8. Limitation And Prospects 1.) Introduction “Limitation” is a synonym for “infringement” or, perhaps “justifiable infringement”. A law that limits a right infringes the right. However, the infringement will n be unconstitutional if it takes place for a reason that is accepted as a justification for infringing rights in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom. In other words, not all infringements of fundamental rights are unconstitutional. Limitations on rights are restrictions that are necessary to balance competing or conflictin rights, or to harmonize rights with other public objectives. They are not a response to emergency situations. It is not simply a question of determining whether the benefits of a limitation to others or to the public interest will outweigh the cost to the right-holder. If rights can be overridden simply on the basis that the general welfare will be served by the restriction, then there is little purpose in the constitutional entrenchment rights. The reas for limiting a right need to be exceptionally strong. The South African Constitution permit the limitation of rights bylaw but requires the limitation to be justifiable. This means that t limitation must serve a purpose that most people would regard as compellingly important. But, however important the purpose ofthe limitation, restrictions on rights will not be justifiable unless there is good reason for thinking that the restriction would achieve the purpose it is designed to achieve, and that there is no other “realistically available” way in which the purpose can be achieved without restricting rights.

9. Conclusion Human rights is a project whose realization remains uncertain. At its core, it addresses an edifice of just claims to permissions, protections, and goods which persons may raise against each other and before the state. Rights may have a variety of sources, but concep tually and pragmatically they are tied to the law. Their effectiveness depends on moral compulsion and coercive force (Habermas 1998). To claim something as a matter of right, as opposed to, for example, charity or love, is to hold someone to an enforceable obliga tion. The broad notion of human rights, expressed in the International Bill of Human Rights and elsewhere, articulates its provisions in international law but, in the final analy sis, leaves it up to sovereign states to recognize and enforce their own responsibilities un der this law. Thus, even if we hold that the underlying moral bases for human rights are the standards against which we judge positive law, actual institutional orders, and social practices, these demands are ultimately tied up with political authority and circum scribed by the claims of sovereignty. Consequently, human rights often falls short precise ly when and where it is most needed. Also, those people who most need rights are often juridically or customarily precluded from claiming them. But it is also the case that hu man rights provides an extraordinarily productive language that activists widely use to articulate justice claims in the modern world.