Aspen Medical Products: Pioneering a New Standard in the Medical Bracing Industr

1. The Top Provider of Orthopedic Bracing Solutions - 2024 THE TOP PROVIDER OF ORTHOPEDIC Bracing Solutions - 2024 UNLOCKING THE CODE OF LIFE: EXPLORING GENOME EDITING AND CRISPR-CAS9 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: NURTURING THE HEALING POTENTIAL WITHIN THE BODY “The New VRTX System” Pioneering A New Standard In The Medical Bracing Industry

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5. From editor’s desk Welcome to the latest issue of The Lifesciences Magazine, where we proudly spotlight the forefront of innovation and excellence in the realm of life sciences. In this edition, we unravel the stories of trailblazers and industry pioneers shaping the landscape of orthopedic care, as we present "The Top Provider of Orthopedic Bracing Solutions - 2024." Orthopedic challenges demand innovative solutions, and this issue unfolds the narratives of companies and leaders who have risen to the occasion, setting new benchmarks for orthopedic bracing solutions. From cutting-edge technologies to patient-centric approaches, our featured providers showcase a commitment to advancing orthopedic care with unparalleled expertise. As we navigate the dynamic terrain of orthopedics in 2023, the profiles within these pages offer insights into the latest breakthroughs, transformative strategies, and the dedicated individuals steering the course of orthopedic innovation. The Top Provider of Orthopedic Bracing Solutions represents a beacon of excellence, embodying the spirit of progress and patient-centric care in a rapidly evolving industry. We extend our gratitude to the visionaries and teams who have graciously shared their stories, providing our readers with a glimpse into the driving forces behind the success of orthopedic bracing solutions in 2023. The Lifesciences Magazine remains committed to serving as a conduit for knowledge, inspiration, and collaboration within the life sciences community. Join us in celebrating the achievements, advancements, and unwavering dedication of The Top Provider of Orthopedic Bracing Solutions - 2024. As we immerse ourselves in the stories of triumph and innovation, we invite you to explore the pages of this issue, where the future of orthopedic care unfolds before our eyes. Here's to a future where orthopedic solutions not only alleviate challenges but empower individuals to embrace life with renewed vitality. Thank you for being part of our journey as we continue to illuminate the path of progress in the vast expanse of the life sciences. Shalmali W.

6. The Lifesciences Magazine, 1985, Henderson Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43220 Follow Us On: For Editorial Concerns: editors@thelifesciencesmagazine.com For Sales & Branding Enquiries: matthew@thelifesciencesmagazine.com For Subscription: info@thelifesciencesmagazine.com Publisher The Lifesciences Magazine Creative Content Editor Shalmali W. Marketing Coordinator (USA) Matthew Eden PR & Marketing Coordinator Michael Stevens Business Development Executive Susan Wilson Creative Designer Paul Young Social Media Manager Amy Muller Digital Circulation Manager Amanda V. This list is NOT a ranking. The companies on listed in magazine serve different aspects of the market, making ranking them in any order except revenue impossible and unfair. We try to bring a perfect platform for business organization to showcase their valued products/ services. Copyrights © The Lifesciences Magazine All Rights Reserved. The images and content included in this magazine should not be copied, transferred or reproduced in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording, otherwise, without proper permission from The Lifesciences Magazine. The Lifesciences Magazine solely owns all the reprint rights.

7. Leaders in Spotlight For the cover read about - Aspen was founded in 1993 with the mission to provide clinical technicians with innovative products and solutions that deliver the best patient outcomes. Starting with the Cervical Collar, today, the company has become the leader in orthopedic spinal bracing with a full range of products that help patients regain mobility, improve posture, and manage pain. Led by Jim Cloar (Chief Executive Officer and President), Aspen’s core philosophy revolves around innovating and advancing clinically-based solutions focused on serving the needs of healthcare professionals and enhancing patients’ lives. Bouquet of Industry-leading Products and Solutions For 30 years, Aspen has transformed the medical bracing industry with market-leading solutions designed for motion control, pain management, and postural alignment. The company enables patients to get back to doing the activities that they love through research- backed, technology-driven products that manage pain and provide appropriate motion restriction where needed. Aspen’s R&D Team is dedicated to advancing solutions for healthcare providers and patients. Two of its recent breakthroughs are the VRTX System and the Horizon PRO Line.

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9. COVER STORY 12 ASPEN MEDICAL PRODUCTS: PIONEERING A NEW STANDARD IN THE MEDICAL BRACING INDUSTRY ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 28 WHY 3000-YEAR-OLD AYURVEDA IS STILL AMONG THE BEST MEDICINAL PRACTICES? THE 'NOBLE' WINNERS 40 THE STORY OF HAR GOBIND KHORANA: FIRST INDIAN SCIENTIST TO WIN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN MEDICINE ARTICLES 24 36 UNLOCKING THE CODE OF LIFE: EXPLORING GENOME EDITING AND CRISPR-CAS9 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: NURTURING THE HEALING POTENTIAL WITHIN THE BODY

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13. COVER STORY Pioneering A New Standard In The Medical Bracing Industry JIM CLOAR CEO & President www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 13

14. for motion control, pain management, and postural alignment. The company enables patients to get back to doing the activities that they love through research-backed, technology-driven products that manage pain and provide appropriate motion restriction where needed. Aspen’s R&D Team is dedicated to advancing solutions for healthcare providers and patients. Two of its recent breakthroughs are the VRTX System and the Horizon PRO Line. The VRTX System is the first and only fully integrated spinal support system ready right when patients need it. It is an all-in-one modular solution comprising five braces (Collar, CTO, LSO, TLSO, and CTLSO) in one system to provide optimal motion restriction for the spine pre- and post-operation. Adjustable sizing and the integrated components simplify product application for effective and efficient care. This can reduce the patient’s length of stay by getting them ambulatory faster, and also optimizes care, time, cost, and resources. The Horizon PRO line, on the other hand, is backed by clinical research and 10 years of trusted technology to provide an updated approach to low back pain management. The inelastic design, combined with targeted compression, helps patients swiftly get back to their daily living activities. T solutions that transcend the boundaries of pain management, motion control, and postural alignment. Catering to the evolving demand, numerous companies are emerging in the market. In this increasing competition, Aspen Medical Products is one of the few companies that stand out with cutting-edge orthopedic bracing products. Cervical Collar, today, the company has become the leader in orthopedic spinal bracing with a full range of products that help patients regain mobility, improve posture, and manage pain. Led by Jim Cloar ( Chief Executive Officer President), Aspen’s core philosophy revolves around innovating and advancing clinically-based solutions focused on serving the needs of healthcare professionals and enhancing patients’ lives. oday, orthopedic bracing has become an important facet of modern healthcare, offering and With a commitment to product quality and innovation, the company has brought about numerous groundbreaking advancements within the industry. For example, Aspen’s Vista® Cervical Collar is presently the standard of care in a majority of Level I/Level II Trauma Centers throughout the United States. Moreover, the VRTX System is the first-ever cervical-to-sacrum off-the- shelf spine solution. Bouquet of Industry-leading Products and Solutions Aspen was founded in 1993 with the mission to provide clinical technicians with innovative products and solutions that deliver the best patient outcomes. Starting with the For 30 years, Aspen has transformed the medical bracing industry with market-leading solutions designed 14

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16. Talking about Aspen’s services, Cristina, one of its patients/users said, “I cannot stress how thankful I am for your products. I have worn so many braces…I love that your braces are patient-friendly in the way that you are never stuck with discomfort. I know that there is always a setting I can find to maximize comfort. It makes all the difference!” Cloar has been successfully shouldering the responsibility of taking the company forward. He leads the Aspen Medical Products global team, focusing on advancing patient care, innovation, and delivering value-based solutions to healthcare professionals. Talking about his entry into the medical bracing industry, Cloar says, “I was inspired to enter this industry because of what we do daily–help people heal, manage their pain, and return them to their former mobility.” Quality, Durability, and Sustainability Alongside its focus on innovation, Aspen is committed to quality, durability, and sustainability. It uses premium materials made to last throughout patients’ care and recovery and utilizes rigorous testing methods like cycle testing and strength testing to ensure products will last. The result is trusted care in the hospital, avoiding complications like skin breakdown, and ensuring continued patient comfort and compliance. The company is also focusing on sustainability in its product development, pursuing new materials, packaging, and approaches to reduce waste. Presently, Cloar is responsible for growing the business through continuous improvement to maintain profitable growth while driving innovative and disruptive products and services that are valued by the company’s current and potential customers. The company is also looking at acquisitions and partnerships that enhance its success. Besides this, Cloar maintains Aspen’s culture of inclusion, respect, and openness to all employees in the four countries in which it has facilities. He also ensures that every employee understands the company’s strategic plan and how it relates to what they do daily to drive the success of the organization. Furthermore, Aspen’s commitment to clinical outcomes is evident in its sales team, which consists of industry veterans with clinical backgrounds, including physical therapists and orthotists. “We are focused on delivering a comprehensive solution for the acute care setting by delivering an ecosystem of product, clinical in- service, and partnering with clinicians that bring value in the appropriate fitting of our product to optimize the clinical and patient experience,” asserts Cloar. Factors Leading to Success Several factors are responsible for the success of both Cloar and Aspen. First and foremost, Cloar listens to the people. In the company’s corporate headquarters, he regularly meets with groups of employees and has quarterly all-company meetings available on Zoom to ensure he understands what is going on with departments as well as provide financial, strategic, and relevant information to make sure that all are fully aware of Aspen’s successes and challenges. A Seasoned Expert at the Helm Leadership plays a major role in the growth of every company. At Aspen, 16

17. COVER STORY Cloar spends close to 50% of his time on the road working with the sales team and meeting with key partners and customers to validate the company’s strategic plan and ensure that all its activities are relevant to the market needs. He has a talented leadership team that meets weekly to foster communication and alliance, and focus on what is strategically significant. Cloar mentions that accountability is core to Aspen’s success. The company has straightforward operating mechanisms that drive prioritization, alignment, accountability, and execution. , . Priorities are tracked monthly to ensure the team understands progress, challenges, and adjustments needed in real-time to execute for success. Moreover, as a global organization, Cloar also regularly visits the company’s employees and partners that are in other regions of the world. “Their voice and needs are key to our continued future growth,” he adds. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 17

18. Leadership Philosophy Rooted in People Cloar’s leadership philosophy is straightforward and revolves around a few fundamental principles. Cloar believes in the importance of assembling the right team members at all levels. A cohesive team, he knows, is crucial for achieving greatness. He also makes sure that everyone on his team understands the organization’s direction and purpose. Communication plays a pivotal role in Cloar’s leadership strategy. He believes in transparency and ensures that all employees are kept in the loop, be it good news or bad. This way, everyone feels connected to the organization’s ups and downs, creating a stronger bond among the team members. At the leadership team level, Cloar has a set of expectations. He requires his leadership team to be fully committed to the organization’s direction and to align with its strategy. Collaboration and the ability to communicate across different functions are skills he values greatly. There have been instances when Cloar had to make tough decisions, removing technically competent but culturally misfit individuals from his leadership teams. He firmly believes that these key team actions, such as effective communication and teamwork, are non-negotiable. Furthermore, Cloar’s secret to success lies in his approach to hiring. He knows that leadership is not about him but about the team. He sees his primary role as creating an environment where individuals can thrive and succeed. He seeks and rewards passionate, ambitious people who collaborate well with others, sharing the common goal of achieving success and winning together. 18

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20. COVER STORY Notable Achievements What does the Future Hold? In his decorated career spanning 30+ years, Cloar has achieved tremendous success and has been a part of many great teams at companies like Medtronic, Biomet, Zimmer Biomet, Smith and Nephew, and Depuy. Some of his notable achievements are: Aspen uses technologies like 3D printing for rapid prototyping, prototype injection molding, and tooling to evaluate materials and designs quickly. In the near future, the company’s clients can expect a commitment to product quality and innovation in the areas of mobility, spinal care, posture, and pain management. “Our focus is—and will continue to be—on indication- specific bracing backed by data that supports the appropriate use of an orthosis to address unmet needs of the healthcare provider,” adds Cloar. Ÿ Managing the launch of one of the largest Medtronic products in the company’s history. Ÿ Building a new business unit within an organization that achieved $600M in revenue within two years. Cloar further mentions that innovation of the future will not only be about the product, it will be about solutions that address cost, staffing, and clinical variability to ensure quality outcomes and success for customers. According to him, customized bracing, value-based care, and data-driven decision- making are the key trends that will drive the industry in the future. Ÿ Growing revenue in an emerging division of a company from $115k to $230M in four years. Also growing bottom line profits by 85% per year by refocusing on service models to drive customer value and organizational profitability, globally. Ÿ Successfully integrating multiple acquisitions to drive profitability both short and long-term. Cloar’s Advice to the Aspiring For aspiring leaders in the healthcare industry, Cloar shares some advice: Focus on Patient Experience Over the years, the medical bracing industry’s focus has shifted toward a focus on price, not value. Aspen believes that the focus should be on the patient experience driven by a focus on the overall cost of care. The company addresses these changes by prioritizing the patient experience with comfortable, low-profile products that ensure comfort for better compliance, and by providing cost-effective solutions that optimize resource utilization and efficiency. It is focused on the hospital through standardization across departments needing orthoses, ongoing training of staff to reduce frustration, and optimization of appropriate fitting of patients. Ÿ Build your network now. Ÿ Whether still in school or early in your career, watch those around you. Ÿ Whatever function you want to pursue (sales, operations, accounting, marketing, etc.) becomes facile in the fundamentals. Ÿ In the end, it’s about empowering, supporting, developing, and listening to your people. It’s not about you. 20

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24. novel, its roots can be traced back several decades. Early attempts at manipulating genetic material were limited and often imprecise. However, recent advancements have ushered in a new era of genome editing marked by precision, efficiency, and expanded possibilities. 3. Tools of the Trade: Various tools have been developed for genome editing, each with its own strengths and limitations. Traditional methods involved using proteins or chemicals to induce random mutations. However, the emergence of molecular tools, particularly nucleases, has revolutionized the field. Among these, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as a game-changer. CRISPR-Cas9: The Molecular Scissors of Precision 1. What is CRISPR-Cas9?: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or CRISPR, is a naturally occurring defense mechanism in bacteria against invading viruses. Cas9, or T modifying, and even rewriting the basic components of life. With the help of ground-breaking tools like CRISPR-Cas9, the science of genome editing has revolutionized our understanding of genetics and has the potential to have transformative effects in a number of fields. We explore the complexities of genome editing, the workings of CRISPR-Cas9, ethical issues surrounding this cutting-edge technology, and its possible uses in this thorough investigation. Understanding Genome Editing: The Blueprint of Life 1. Definition of Genome Editing: Genome editing refers to the precise alteration of an organism's DNA, allowing scientists to add, delete, or modify genetic material. It is akin to wielding molecular scissors to navigate the intricate code of life, offering unprecedented control over the genetic information that governs the traits and functions of living organisms. he field of modern science has made remarkable progress in understanding, 2. Historical Context: While the term "genome editing" may sound like a concept from a futuristic 24

25. Unlocking Unlocking THE CODE OF LIFE: Exploring Genome Editing And CRISPR-Cas9 scissors. Together, they form the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a groundbreaking technology that has revolutionized genome editing. potentially be corrected through precise alterations using CRISPR-Cas9. This has far-reaching implications for conditions such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and certain types of cancer. 2. Agriculture and Food Security: The agricultural sector stands to benefit significantly from genome editing. CRISPR-Cas9 allows scientists to develop crops with enhanced resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stress. Additionally, it offers the potential to improve nutritional content, contributing to global food security. 3. Conservation of Endangered Species: Genome editing provides a unique tool for conservation efforts. In cases where populations of endangered species face threats due to genetic factors, CRISPR-Cas9 could be employed to introduce beneficial traits or increase genetic diversity, aiding in their survival and adaptation. Applications of Genome Editing and CRISPR-Cas9 1. Genetic Medicine: Genome editing holds immense promise in the field of genetic medicine. Diseases caused by specific genetic mutations could 4. Biotechnological Advancements: The applications of genome editing extend to the realm of biotechnology. CRISPR- Cas9 facilitates the precise modification of microorganisms for various purposes, including the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. This has the potential to revolutionize numerous industries, offering sustainable and efficient solutions. Ethical Considerations and Challenges 1. Ethical Dilemmas: The immense power of genome editing raises ethical considerations that demand careful scrutiny. Manipulating the genetic code of organisms, including humans, prompts concerns about unintended consequences, unforeseen side effects, and the potential for misuse. The prospect of "designer babies" and the ethical implications of altering human germline cells pose complex ethical dilemmas that warrant robust ethical frameworks. CRISPR-associated protein 9, is an enzyme that acts as molecular 2. Mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9: The CRISPR-Cas9 system functions by utilizing guide RNA (gRNA) to target specific sequences in the DNA. Once the target sequence is identified, the Cas9 enzyme acts like molecular scissors, precisely cutting the DNA at the desired location. This cut triggers the cell's repair machinery, leading to modifications in the genetic code. 3. Advantages of CRISPR-Cas9: The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 has brought unprecedented precision and efficiency to genome editing. Its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and versatility have catapulted it to the forefront of genetic engineering. Researchers and scientists worldwide have embraced CRISPR-Cas9 for its ability to target specific genes with unparalleled accuracy. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 25

26. 2. Off-Target Effects: Despite the precision of CRISPR-Cas9, the potential for off-target effects remains a challenge. Unintended modifications in the genome, even if minor, could have unpredictable consequences. Researchers are continually refining techniques to minimize off-target effects and enhance the safety of genome editing. 3. Regulatory Frameworks: The rapid pace of genome editing research has outstripped the development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Establishing guidelines that balance scientific progress with ethical considerations is crucial. Governments, institutions, and international bodies are grappling with the task of formulating regulations that foster responsible and ethical 3. A Tapestry of Possibilities: In unraveling the mysteries of the genetic code, genome editing, and CRISPR- Cas9 have woven a tapestry of possibilities that extends from medical breakthroughs to sustainable agriculture and conservation efforts. As we navigate the ethical complexities and challenges, the promise of unlocking the code of life holds the potential to redefine our relationship with biology and shape the trajectory of future generations. use of genome editing technologies. Future Directions and Conclusion 1. Continued Advancements: The journey of genome editing is far from over. Ongoing research is focused on refining existing technologies, developing novel tools, and expanding the applications of genome editing. The scientific community envisions a future where the precision and versatility of CRISPR-Cas9 are harnessed to address complex challenges across various fields. 2. Collaborative Efforts: International collaboration is essential in navigating the evolving landscape of genome editing. Shared knowledge, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks must transcend geographical boundaries to ensure responsible and equitable advancements in this transformative field. To sum up, genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9 mark a significant advancement in our ability to comprehend and work with the complexities of life. The ethical issues raised by modern technologies highlight the necessity of applying them with care and responsibility. Standing on the brink of a new age in genetic science, humanity's exploration of the genetic code is marked by curiosity as well as a sense of responsibility as it gingerly enters the uncharted field of genome editing. 26

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29. Why 3000-year-old Ayurveda is still among the Best Medicinal Practices? www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 29

30. Y ou must have heard that drinking warm water with 3-4 drops of lemon juice every morning can aid in weight loss! for Ayurvedic medicine could reach $6 billion by 2026. However, despite its increasing popularity, there is still a large group that doesn't know much about Ayurveda and its benefits. If you are also one of them, this blog is for you. that the root cause of a disease is stress or imbalance in someone's consciousness. And according to the disease, Ayurveda assists with natural therapies and subtle lifestyle changes to help the person maintain a perfect balance between body, mind, and the environment. Yes. You can start your weight loss journey with a drill as simple as this. Along with weight loss, it also helps detoxify your digestive system and restore lost fluids to rehydrate your body. Like this, many simple medicinal practices can help you heal seamlessly without any side effects. And if you do some research, you will find that a majority of these practices have their roots in Ayurveda. In this blog, we'll shed some light on what exactly is Ayurveda and how it is still a relevant medicinal practice. Typically, Ayurveda is classified into two types i.e. Maharishi and traditional. Maharishi is another version of traditional Ayurveda based on the translated texts by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. However, there are many things common in both these types. Both types of Ayurvedic practitioners advocate the usage of herbs, believe that diseases rise due to an imbalance in doshas (basic types of energy), and often use common remedies to treat different diseases. To begin, we'll see “What is Ayurveda?” Deemed as a 3000-year-old practice, Ayurveda has its origins in India. The word 'Ayurveda' is acquired from two Sanskrit words Ayur (meaning life) and Veda (meaning science or knowledge). So literally, it translates to the science of life. Ayurveda works on the notion Regarded as one of the oldest medicinal practices, the worldwide popularity of Ayurveda has increased multiple folds over the past few decades. Reports show that the demand 30

31. How does Ayurveda work? 3. Kapha: Kapha is the energy that is responsible for the growth of the body. It is the densest dosha and is known for moisturizing the skin, supplying water to all parts of the body, and maintaining the immune system. Kapha imbalance can cause excessive weight gain, a tendency to hold onto things, disinterest in new activities, more fatigue, etc. However, balanced Kapha can make you comfortable to stick to a routine, get emotionally involved in things, etc. dominant in your body, you are likely to have skin problems, asthma, anxiety, heart diseases, etc. However, if it is in balance, it can aid your creativity, flexibility, and swiftness in action. According to Ayurveda, each person has a distinct energy pattern known as doshas. These energy patterns combine a person's unique characteristics- physical, mental, or emotional. Here are the three types of doshas: 2. Pitta: Pitta is generally translated as fire. This energy is said to control your metabolism, digestion, and some hormones related to your appetite. The imbalance of Pitta can cause anger and over-excitement. This can lead you towards rash decisions and self- destructive behavior. On the other hand, if your pitta is in balance, it can help you in leadership. You become more competitive, confident, willing, and focused. 1. Vata: Vata is Ayurveda practitioners who believe this to be the strongest of the three doshas. Vata is said to control the functions of your mind from breathing and heart functioning to even getting rid of the waste through the intestine. Several habits like staying up too late, grief, eating quickly after a meal, etc. can disrupt Vata. If Vata is Now if you are wondering whether you have vata, pitta, or kapha energy, you might be wrong. Because everyone has all these energies, it's just that one or www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 31

32. two of these are dominant. Remember that your daily routine—sleep cycle, food timings, stress, etc.—can affect these doshas big time. And the disturbance in them further develops into diseases. After the disease is diagnosed correctly, one of the following therapies is used for the Ayurvedic treatment. Ÿ Dietary Changes: You must have heard a popular saying, “You are what you eat.” Ayurveda and the treatments alike also focus heavily on diet and its importance. An Ayurvedic practitioner will always recommend you to have a balanced diet and include all the necessary ingredients like cereals, green vegetables, fluids, etc. based on the type of disease. Ayurvedic treatments bring these doshas back into balance and reduce the probable risk and impacts of the disease. Stress relief is one of the techniques Ayurveda uses to cure people. That is why meditation has significant importance in Ayurveda. Many studies over the years have shown that meditation is a proven way to reduce stress. Moreover, Ayurvedic treatments focus on regulating blood pressure and cholesterol to slow the aging process as well as speed up recovery. Ÿ Herbal Medicines: Historically, natural herbs have proved to be effective over several allopathic drugs. Ayurveda promotes the usage of herbs to cure diseases organically and permanently. A majority of Ayurvedic medicines have their origins in such herbs that heal the disease from its roots. Components of an Ayurvedic Treatment As mentioned above, the Ayurvedic treatment mainly focuses on balancing the doshas. When you visit an Ayurveda practitioner for the first time, he will check your medical history, pulse rate, as well as examine your abdomen, tongue, nails, eyes, skin, etc. He will ask you about your daily routine and lifestyle, emphasizing your diet, surroundings, daily schedule, etc. Based on these questions and the following ways, he will diagnose the disease. Ÿ Ayurvedic Acupuncture: Ayurvedic acupuncture is a process that involves the usage of needles at various pain points or acupoints in the body to balance the prana (life force). This type of acupuncture is also called marmacupuncture. The needles that are penetrated in the body can be normal needles or medicated needles. way to enhance your mental well- being and increase your emotional intelligence as well. It not only aids in cleansing your cluttered mind but also helps you instill a positive attitude. Ÿ Massage: The effectiveness of physical massages is something we all know. Today, there is an abundance of different types of massages and the massage parlor business is in boom presently. In Ayurveda too, different massage techniques can precisely focus on the pain and help you heal permanently rather than quickly. Ÿ Naadi (pulse) Ÿ Breathing Exercises: Ÿ Mootra (urine) Just like meditation, breathing exercises also focus on healing you from within. With specific, rhythmic breathing patterns, these exercises help you achieve stability in your thoughts. If you are into Ayurveda, you must have heard about pranayama, a set of different breathing techniques you can perform for physical as well as mental healing. Ÿ Mala (stool) Ÿ Jivha (tongue) Ÿ Shabda (speech) Ÿ Meditation: Ÿ Sparsha (touch) Ÿ Druk (vision) Sitting calm in a serene place for a while can give you the peace that no expensive therapy can offer. Meditation is a proven Ÿ Akruti (appearance) 32

33. Ÿ Panchkarma: enema). All these processes help in cleansing and detoxifying the body to percolate a relaxing and calming effect. time have shown that the sound waves created during mantra chanting have a positive impact on the minds. The sound waves at certain frequencies do all the magic. The process of Panchkarma (translated as five actions) has a lot of importance in Ayurveda. It is a specialized technique consisting of five processes—Vamana (Emesis), Virechana (Therapeutic purgation), Nasya (Nasal Medication), Anuvasana Basti (Medicated oil enima), and Niruha Basti (Herbal decoction Ÿ Sound Therapy (Including mantras): Ÿ Yoga: If you have ever attended a Hindu wedding, you must have heard a set of mantras that are chanted as an important ritual. Various studies over Last but not least; yoga is one of the most important treatments in medicine. The benefits of yoga are well-known www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 33

34. Debunking 4 Common Myths about Ayurveda and we have recently started recognizing the benefits by celebrating International Yoga Day on the 21st of July every year. And with more people realizing and reaping its advantages, it is only expected to grow in importance over the near future. it is a misunderstanding. Of course, Ayurveda encourages and advocates a vegetarian diet. However, it is not a rule. Do remember that non-vegetarian food is not at all prohibited in Ayurveda. 1. Ayurvedic treatments take a long time to show an impact This is probably one of the most common myths you must have heard. People that don't go for Ayurveda often give this as the reason. Some Ayurvedic treatments do take time to show their effect, however, it is not the case every time. Moreover, if you compare Ayurveda with Allopathic treatments, you will find that the former has fewer to no disadvantages or side effects, which is good in the long run. 3. Ayurvedic medicines do not have side effects All these aforementioned treatments can treat a myriad of diseases ranging from anxiety, asthma, arthritis, and digestive problems, to Eczema, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, rheumatoid arthritis, and stress. This is a misconception people who fondly follow Ayurveda create. If we look closely, Ayurvedic medicines have lesser side effects as compared to allopathy or homeopathy. However, some sorts of side effects do exist in these treatments. These were the basic components and treatments in Ayurveda. But this is not the only thing you need to know. As the popularity of Ayurveda has increased over time, several rumors and myths surrounding the treatment have also been developed. Let's bust some of these myths with actual facts. 4. Only herbs are used in Ayurvedic treatments 2. Ayurveda is only for vegetarians You might well have heard someone saying you should quit non-vegetarian diet if you are following Ayurveda, but Many people think that only herbs are used in Ayurvedic treatments. Many also get confused between Ayurveda 34

35. and naturopathy. However, there is much more to Ayurveda than only natural herbs and natural treatments. Ayurveda is a large branch that has various concepts. Many times, these techniques can heal you without any medicine as well. Ayurveda vs. Allopathy: The Longstanding Debate Although Ayurveda is getting more recognition presently, many people still prefer allopathy over it as it gives quick results. Both have their advantages, applications, and disadvantages as well. And choosing between the two is not about this. It's just about what suits you and your body. So, analyze your body type and its requirements and decide which way you want to go. So, this is all we have for you in this blog. To read more interesting content, keep visiting thelifesciencesmagazine.com www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 35

36. REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: Nurturing The Healing Potential Within The Body A profession opens up new avenues for treating illnesses, injuries, and degenerative problems by utilizing the body's natural ability to heal. This in-depth investigation delves into the core of Regenerative Medicine, revealing its tenets, examining a range of applications, and considering the possibility that it could revolutionize healthcare in the future. Tissue Engineering: Encompasses the creation of functional tissues or organs in the laboratory for transplantation or to stimulate the body's own repair mechanisms. Medical Devices and Artificial Organs: Includes the development of devices to support natural healing processes or replace damaged organs temporarily or permanently. 3. Cellular Components: Stem cells, the unsung heroes of Regenerative Medicine, possess the remarkable ability to transform into various cell types, making them crucial in repairing and regenerating damaged tissues. These cells can be sourced from various places, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and even embryonic sources, raising ethical considerations and sparking ongoing research. Applications of Regenerative Medicine: Healing Across Diverse Fronts paradigm shift in the field of modern medicine has occurred, signaling the arrival of Regenerative Medicine. This innovative Understanding Regenerative Medicine: Unleashing the Body's Healing Potential 1. Defining Regenerative Medicine: Regenerative Medicine represents a branch of medical science focused on harnessing the body's natural regenerative capabilities to repair, replace, or restore damaged tissues or organs. Unlike traditional approaches that primarily alleviate symptoms, Regenerative Medicine aims to address the root cause by stimulating the body's inherent ability to heal itself. 2. Key Principles: At the core of Regenerative Medicine are three key principles: 1. Orthopedic Regeneration: Orthopedic conditions, such as osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal injuries, have been a focal point for Regenerative Medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in promoting the regeneration of cartilage and bone tissues. Innovations like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and growth factor injections also aid in tissue repair and pain management. Cellular Therapy: Involves the use of cells to promote healing and regeneration. Stem cells, in particular, play a pivotal role in different regenerative approaches. 36

37. 2. Cardiovascular Regeneration: Heart diseases, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, have spurred research into cardiovascular regeneration. Stem cell therapies aim to repair damaged heart tissues post-heart attacks, enhance blood vessel formation, and improve overall heart function. These interventions hold potential in mitigating the impact of cardiovascular disorders. 6. Vision Restoration: The field of ophthalmology has embraced Regenerative Medicine to explore treatments for degenerative eye conditions. Stem cell therapies and tissue engineering hold promise for restoring vision by repairing damaged retinal tissues or replacing dysfunctional cells, offering hope for conditions like age-related macular degeneration. Innovations in Regenerative Therapies: A Glimpse into the Future 1. Stem Cell Therapies: Stem cells, with their remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types, form the backbone of many Regenerative Medicine approaches. Embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adult stem cells are being harnessed for their regenerative potential, holding promise in treating a wide array of conditions. 2. Gene Editing Technologies: Advancements in gene editing technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9, have permeated the field of Regenerative Medicine. These tools enable precise modification of genes, allowing scientists to correct genetic defects or enhance cellular functions. The synergy between gene editing and Regenerative Medicine opens new avenues for personalized and targeted therapies. 3. 3D Bioprinting: The marriage of Regenerative Medicine and 3D bioprinting is a testament to human ingenuity. This technology enables the fabrication of three-dimensional tissues and organs by layering bioinks containing cells. The potential for custom-designed organs for transplantation and complex tissue engineering scenarios is on the horizon. 4. Exosome Therapy: Exosomes, tiny extracellular vesicles released by cells, have garnered attention in Regenerative Medicine. These vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and can carry bioactive molecules. Exosome therapy explores the use of these vesicles to stimulate regeneration, modulate immune responses, and enhance healing processes. Challenges and Ethical Considerations: Navigating the Landscape 1. Ethical Considerations: The groundbreaking nature of Regenerative Medicine raises ethical questions, particularly concerning the use of embryonic stem cells. The debate surrounding the ethical 3. Neurological Regeneration: The intricate nature of the nervous system presents unique challenges, but Regenerative Medicine offers hope in neurological disorders. Stem cell therapies aim to repair damaged neural tissues, providing potential treatments for conditions like spinal cord injuries, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. 4. Dermatological Applications: Regenerative approaches have found their way into dermatology, offering solutions for wound healing, scar reduction, and even hair restoration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and stem cell therapies contribute to tissue repair, collagen formation, and skin rejuvenation, opening avenues for cosmetic and therapeutic applications. 5. Diabetes Management: In the realm of metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes, Regenerative Medicine explores the potential of pancreatic islet transplantation and stem cell therapies to regenerate insulin-producing cells. These approaches aim to address the root cause of diabetes, offering a more sustainable and comprehensive treatment strategy. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 37

38. 2. Collaborative Research and Global Impact: International collaboration is crucial in advancing Regenerative Medicine. Shared knowledge, resources, and collaborative efforts across borders can accelerate research, enhance the quality of clinical trials, and expand the global impact of Regenerative Medicine, particularly in addressing prevalent health challenges. implications of sourcing and using stem cells has prompted ongoing discussions within the scientific and ethical communities. 2. Safety Concerns: Ensuring the safety and efficacy of Regenerative Medicine interventions is paramount. The potential for unintended consequences, such as tumor formation in stem cell therapies, necessitates rigorous preclinical and clinical testing to mitigate risks and enhance the safety profile of these innovative treatments. 3. Regulatory Frameworks: As Regenerative Medicine progresses, the development of robust regulatory frameworks becomes essential. Striking a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring patient safety requires the collaboration of regulatory bodies, researchers, and industry stakeholders. Establishing clear guidelines can facilitate responsible advancements in the field. Future Outlook and Conclusion: Nurturing the Seeds of Progress 1. Paving the Way for Personalized Medicine: Regenerative Medicine is poised to usher in an era of personalized medicine, tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles and specific medical conditions. The integration of genomics, gene editing, and Regenerative Medicine holds the promise of more effective, targeted, and patient-centric therapeutic interventions. 3. Bridging Science and Society: The translation of scientific breakthroughs into tangible therapies requires effective communication and collaboration between the scientific community and society at large. Educating the public about the potential benefits, risks, and ethical considerations of Regenerative Medicine fosters informed decision- making and ethical practices. To sum up, regenerative medicine is at the vanguard of a revolution in medical science. This emerging discipline gives hope to many people suffering from crippling illnesses by enabling the body's natural ability to repair and rejuvenate. Research, ethics, and technology innovation work together to pave the way for a time when healing is not only a treatment but a natural, choreographed process that occurs within the complex symphony of the human body as we explore the scientific boundaries of regenerative medicine. 38

40. Har Gobind The Story of Har Gobind Khorana First Indian Scientist to Win the Nobel Prize in Medicine T Khorana The role of medicines can be described as “To cure sometimes, to heal often, and to comfort always”. India has a prolonged history of medicinal research in Ayurveda and physiology. Although physiology is presumed a modern- day science that belongs to a recent origin, many scientists in ancient India attempted scientific study in it during the early 8th and 9th centuries. Henceforth, it is obvious that India has an enduring legacy in the medical field and comprises ingenious scientists who can win the Nobel Prize. An Indian-born American biochemist Har Gobind Khorana shared the Nobel Prize with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for physiology or medicine in 1968. Khorana's contribution to the medical field discovered how a DNA's genetic code determines the synthesis of protein 40

41. Har Gobind THE 'NOBLE' WINNERS Khorana www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 41

42. that impacts cell functioning. Har Gobind Khorana was the first Indian scientist to win the Nobel Prize in the medical field. In this article, you can have a sneak peek into how he created history in the field of medicine that affected further studies regarding human science. Humble Background Har Gobind Khorana was born to an underprivileged Indian family in Raipur, a village in today's Pakistan. His father was a Patwari who worked as an agricultural taxation clerk in his village during the British Raj in India. While writing his autobiography, Khorana quotes his father, “Although underprivileged, my father was dedicated to educating his children and we were practically the only literate family in the village inhabited by about 100 people.” He attended the only school in his village which used to take place under a tree. In fact, he mentioned that he never owned a small pencil till the age of 6 years. In those circumstances, who 42

43. would have thought this kid will go on to win the Nobel Prize? Vancouver, British Columbia with his family, he got an opportunity to make his dream come true. He joined the British Columbia Research Council there and the University provided him with all the required facilities to start his own lab. Probably, this was his first step to winning Nobel Prize. According to the American Chemical Society, Khorana conducted a thesis on 'nucleic acids and synthesis of many important biomolecules'. outside a living organism. Ÿ He extended his research to DNA polymers with the help of non- aqueous chemistry and assembled it into the first synthetic gene. What molded his thought process? Being from a humble background, Khorana undertook scholarship programs for his further studies. He studied at the University of Punjab, located in Lahore, and pursued Ph. D. from the University of Liverpool through the fellowship program of the Government of India. Khorana was introduced to Western civilization and culture during his research on nucleic acids at the University of Cambridge (1951) under Sir Alexander Todd. Eventually, Khorana found his deep interest in proteins and nucleic acids and started building roots in them at that time. During his postdoctoral stay in Zurich, he associated with Professor Vladimir Prelog and it was a life-turning decision for him. It molded his thought process and philosophy toward science, work, and effort, which accompanied him on the journey to win the Nobel Prize. Ÿ For the purpose of research, he used polymerase and ligase enzymes in order to link pieces of DNA together. The other methods anticipated the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ÿ Due to his research now, these custom-designed pieces belonging to artificial genes are commonly used in biology labs for sequencing and cloning. Moreover, they are used for other purposes like engineering new plants and animals that are integral to DNA analysis. It helps to understand gene-based human disease and human evolution. Khorana made important contributions to this field by building different RNA chains with the help of enzymes and helped others to decipher a variety of mechanisms regarding RNA codes. Moreover, he worked on synthesizing functional genes and completed the research that led him to win the Nobel Prize. In order to honor his work, the Nobel Prize website quotes, “He made important contributions to this field by building different RNA chains with the help of enzymes. Using these enzymes, he was able to produce proteins. The amino acid sequences of these proteins then solved the rest of the puzzle.” Ÿ Khorana focused on using DCC to synthesize complex molecules and succeeded in synthesizing ATP. (ATP molecules are responsible for producing energy in cells.) Ÿ In 1960, Khorana came after synthesizing the more complex molecule Coenzyme A, which plays an important part in the digestion process. First Step to Win the Nobel Prize Noteworthy Facts about Har Gobind Khorana's Research Work Khorana grasped a fellowship and professorship in Switzerland at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Canada. Later on, he continued his research on nucleotides at the University of British Columbia and at the University of Wisconsin. Soon, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1966. In 1971, he joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and remained part of it until he retired in 2007. Due to the vigorous research, Khorana was capable of proving how nucleotide code can be transmitted to the cell in groups of three, called codons. How relevant is this research today? Here are some crucial facts about the research work of Har Gobind Khorana that helped him on the journey to win the Nobel Prize. Inventions of Khorana have been automated and commercialized by the respective Universities. They help others to order a synthetic oligonucleotide or a gene from any company. For that purpose, you have to send the genetic sequence to one of the companies in order to receive an oligonucleotide with the sequence you desire. Khorana's former colleagues at the University of Wisconsin conserved the summary of his work and now made it available for others to refer to. All the efforts taken by Khorana marked him as one of the most Ÿ Har Gobind Khorana is known to be the first scientist to chemically synthesize oligonucleotides. During the 1970s, it was the first synthetic gene in the world; however, in recent years, the process has become widespread. Thereafter, subsequent scientists referred to his research while advancing genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ÿ In 1972, he was the first biochemist in the world to finish the whole synthesis of a functional gene The “Dream Come True” Moment! Khorana was enthusiastic about starting his own lab. When he moved to www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 43

44. Har Gobind Har Gobind Khorana 44

45. successful biological chemists of his time to win the Nobel Prize. seamless community that includes scientists, industrialists, and social entrepreneurs who belong to the United States and India. The program consists of the following objectives: adored his job but ensured it won't affect his family life. While visiting Prague, he met Esther Elizabeth Sibler, a Swiss woman whom he married in 1952. Khorana deeply valued the kind of stability Esther brought into his life; since he had spent the previous 6 years living away from his home country and family. Furthermore, he was introduced to Western classical music due to Esther and subsequently she led him to develop a passion for it. According to the records, their home had paintings and a variety of books based on science, art, and philosophy. The “Khorana Program” In addition to the Nobel Prize, Khorana became a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1966 and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1967. In 2007, the Government of India (Department of Biotechnology) collaborated with The Indo-US Science and Technology Forum, and The University of Wisconsin–Madison to launch the Khorana Programme in his honor. The main purpose of the Khorana Program was to build a Ÿ To bestow a transformative research experience for graduate and undergraduate students. Ÿ To engage the stakeholders in rural development and food security comprehensively. Ÿ To facilitate public-private partnerships between the U.S. and India. Later, the Wisconsin–India Science and Technology Exchange Program (WIN Step Forward, WSF) continued adopting the administrative responsibilities for the Khorana program. Thereafter, Khorana also developed a deep interest in nature and he used to go hiking and swimming on a regular basis. He used to enjoy solitude time by walking alone on the streets and thinking about ways of solving scientific problems. He and Esther had three children: Julia Elizabeth, Emily Anne, and Dave Roy. All of them were born in Canada. Khorana was popular for his great modesty and humility and he stayed away from publicity. Endless Series of Achievements Khorana received other honors in his further life. The University of Columbia honored him with the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize and the Lasker Foundation Award for Basic Medical Research. Furthermore, in 1971, he achieved the Golden Plate Award from the American Academy of Achievement. The series of achievements never stopped here, he obtained the Willard Gibbs Medal of the Chicago section of the American Chemical Society. Also, in 1980, he accepted the Gairdner Foundation Annual Award and the Paul Kayser International Award of Merit in Retina Research, in 1987. Whilst you have reached the end of our article, we hope you enjoyed reading it and got inspired by the journey of Har Gobind Khorana. Not just Indians but the whole medical community in the world is grateful for the research that led him to win the Nobel Prize. We hope his contribution to the medical field will encourage scientists of the upcoming generation to continue the legacy of his efforts. Interestingly, a Google Doodle celebrated the achievements of Har Gobind Khorana on 9 January 2018, on the occasion of his 96th birth anniversary. Isn't it great? A Stable Personal Life Khorana's personal life is as fascinating as his professional life. He absolutely www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 45