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Dry matter partitioning

Dry matter partitioning. What is it ? How is it measured ? For what ? Source & sink relationship. Dry matter distribution or partitioning. Biomass or dry matter Y biol. Economic yield Y econ. Dry matter allocation or distribution Harvest Index. Ear. Translocation. Photosynthate.

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Dry matter partitioning

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  1. Dry matter partitioning • What is it ? • How is it measured ? • For what ? • Source & sink relationship

  2. Dry matter distribution or partitioning • Biomass or dry matterY biol. • Economic yieldY econ. • Dry matter allocation or distribution • Harvest Index Ear Translocation Photosynthate Stem or shooot Root

  3. Source - Sink relationship SINK Flower , Seed, Fruit Stem, Root SOURCE Leaves Reproductive / Vegetative growth Photosynthesis / Light interception

  4. Dry matter distribution or partitioning • ระหว่าง organ ในต้นพืช เช่นใบ ลำต้น ดอก ผล หรือ ราก • ระหว่างเซลล์ หรือเนื้อเยื่อ ในส่วนอวัยวะพืช เช่น supporting cells กับ meristematic cell (tissue) • ระหว่าง orgenel ในเซลล์พืช สามารถอธิบายได้ด้วยสัดส่วน (Dry weight ratio or %) หรือ สัมประสิทธิของการกระจายน้ำหนักแห้ง ( h : partitioning coefficient)

  5. What does it mean ? • hl, hs, hr • Ability of plant to accumulatePhotosynthatein aparticular part (each has specific function and value) • Mechanism of plant in response to certain environment

  6. Translocation of Photosynthate • Can be measured by using radioisotope eg. • 14C , 13C • 12 , 15N • 32P • Hydrolytic pressure gradient depend onactivityand sizeof supply (SOURCE) and demand (SINK)

  7. SOURCE - SINK relationship SINK SOURCE Translocation Feedback inhibition STRENGTH / CAPACITY SIZE x ACTIVITY Absolute rate of change in Wl STRENGTH / CAPACITY SIZE x ACTIVITY Absolute rate of change inWg

  8. Potential Source Capacity • LAI • LAID, leaf longivity • Increase light interception • Extinction coefficient of canopy • Increase Photosynthesis rate

  9. Potential Sink Capacity • Reprodutive phase • Flowering bud initiation • No. of flower developed to be a fruit • No. of fully developed fruit • Fruit size • Rate of fruit or seed growth

  10. Vegetative growthvs Reproductivegrowth • Do vegetative growth enhance SOURCE SIZE ???depend on Dry matter partitioning(Dry Weight Ratio or Partitioning coefficient) • high LWR ie. ability to produce morePHOTOSYNTHATE at an expense of Root or Stem weight, but ability to find water or mineralsmay be reducedorless ability to flower

  11. Reproductive stage • Flower, fruit or seed areACTIVE SINK • HI = Yecol./ Y biol. • Distribution index= Change in Y ecol./ Change in Y biol. after anthesis

  12. Reproductive stage • Current Photosynthate • Storage Photosynthate • Remobilization EAR 1 st SOURCE SINK 2 nd ROOT

  13. Yield components • Size of the SINK • Nr, No. of reproductive unit • Ng, No. of grain per reproductive unit • Wg, Grain weight • each component is determined at different times of vegetative and reproductive stages

  14. Application in crop production • SOURCE orSINKLIMIT ?? • ALTER SOURCE • Defoliation • Shading • Thining • Light suppliment, Pruning • Fetilizer • Weed control

  15. Application in crop production • ALTER SINK • Root pruning • Deflowering or debuding • Fruit thinning • Watering and Fertilizer application

  16. แนะนำ paper ให้อ่าน Board, J.E. and Qiang, Tan.1995. Assimilatory capacity effects onsoybean yield components and pod number.Crop Sci. 35(2) :846-851. Cirilo, A.G. and F.H. Andrade.1994. Sowing date and maize productivity. I crop growth and dry matter partitioning. II.Kernel number determination.Crop Sci. 34(4) : 1039-1046. James, J H.1994. Canopy characteristics associated with deficientand excessive cotton plant population density.Crop Sci. 34(5):1291-1297. Jiang, H. and D.B. Egli.1995. Soybean seed number and cropgrowth rate during flowering.Agron. J. 87(2) : 264-267. Jonathan, Lynch and N.S. Rdrignez, H.1994. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency in relation to leaf longevity in commonbean.Crop Sci. 34(4) : 1284-1290.

  17. แนะนำ paper ให้อ่าน Kining, J.R. and D.P. Knievel.1995. Response of maize seed number to solar radiation interception soon after anthesis.Agron. J. 87(2) : 228-234. Pau, W.L., J.J. Canberato, R.H. Mall, E.J. Kamprath and W.A. Jackson. 1995. Altering source-sink relationship in prolific maize hybrids: Consequences for nitrogen uptake and remobilization.Crop Sci. 35(2) : 836-845. Pendelton,B.B., G.L. Teetes and G.C. Paterson.1994. Phenology ofsorghum flowering.Crop Sci. 35(4) : 1263-1266. Pettigrew, W.T. and W.R. Meredith Jr.1994. Leaf gas exchangeparatmeters vary among cotton genotypes.Crop Sci. 34(3) : 700-705.

  18. References Amthor, J.S.1989. Respiration and Crop Productivity. Spring-Verlag. New York : pp. (QK891 A47 1989) Amthor, J.S. and Mcree, K.J.1990. Carbon balance of stresses plants: A conceptual model for integrating research results. in (Alscher, R.G. and Cumming, J.R. eds) Stress Responses in Plants: Adaptation and Acclimation Mechanisms. Wiley-Liss, Inc. New York. 407 pp. (QK 754. S77 1990 v.12.) Biscoe, P, and Gallagher, J.N.1977. Weather, dry matter production and yield. in (Landsberg, J.J. and Cutting, C.V. eds) Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology. Academic Press. London. 75-100. (S600.2 S85 1977) Cowan, I.1984. Optimization of productivity: carbon and water economy in higher plants. in (Pearson, C.J. ed) Control of Crop Productivity. Academic Press. Sydney. 13-32. (S600.5 C66 1984) Evans, L.T.1993. Crop Evolution Adaptation and Yield. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge : pp. (SB106 D74 E92.1993)

  19. References Gardner, F.P., R.B. Pearce and R.L. Mitchell.1985. Physiology of Crop Plants. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames. 327. Incoll, L.D.1977. Field studies of photosynthesis monitoring with 14 CO2. in (Landsberg, J.J. and C.C. Cutting eds) Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology. Academic Press. London : 137-155. Loomis, R.S. and Connor, D.J.1992. Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. 538 pp. (S589.7 L66 1992) Milthrope, F.L. and J.Moorby. 1979. An Introduction to Crop Physiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. Sydney. 244pp. Raghavendra, A.S.1991. Physiology of Trees. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York 21-51pp. (QK711.2 P49 1991) Sheehy, J.E. and Johnson, I.R.1988. Physiological model of grass growth. in (Jones, M.B. and Lazenby, A. eds) The Grass Crop: The Physiological Basis of Production. Chapman and Hall. London: 243-275. (SB197 G77 1988) Wardlaw, I.F.1980. Translocation and source-sink relationships. in (Carlson, P.S. ed) The Biology of Crop Productivity. Academic Press. New York :

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