1. Environment and Development Dr. P. M. Prasad

2. Environmental Problems • Theory of Environmental Policy • Environmental Policy in India

12. Developed Countries Tried to Put Blame on Developing Countries in Terms Population Growth and Poverty Developing Countries Tried to Put Blame for Environmental Degradation On Developed Countries Because of Affluence or Energy Intensive Consumption Patterns

16. Theory of Environmental Policy • Externality Problem • Market Based (Ex-ante) Instruments • Emission Charges or Taxes • Deposit-refund Systems • Marketable or Tradable Emission Permits • Output Taxes; and • Performance Bonds and No-compliance Fees • Reducing Government Subsidies

17. Command and Control Regulation: Standards • Criteria for choosing among environmental Policy Instruments • Environmental Effectiveness • Static Efficiency • Dynamic incentives • Flexibility • Monitoring and Enforcement • Equity; and • Acceptability • Bargaining Solutions: Coase theorem • Liability (Ex-post) • Information Programmes

18. Environmental Policy in India • Introduction • UN Conference on Human Environment, 1972 • The Water Act of 1974 (Amendment, 1988) • The Constitution of India (42nd Amendment, 1976) • The Air Act of 1981 (Amendment, 1987) • Bhopal Gas Tragedy, 1984 • The Environmental Protection Act of 1986 • The Environmental Protection Rules of 1986 • The Product Liability Insurance Act of 1991

19. The UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), 1992 (Rio) • Agenda 21 • Precautionary Principle (15) • Polluter Pays Principle (16) • The Earth Summit, 2002

20. Environment and Development in India: Case Studies

21. Conclusion