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Section 2 The Influence of the Building Envelope on modifying the external climate Buildings are modifiers of climate . Vernacular solutions to varying local climatic conditions Other important factors associated with site planning and building design The need to service buildings
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Section 2 The Influence of the Building Envelope on modifying the external climate • Buildings are modifiers of climate. • Vernacular solutions to varying local climatic conditions • Other important factors associated with site planning and building design • The need to service buildings
Other important factors associated with site planning and building design • Orientation • Building shape • Heat losses and gains
Heat Losses from buildings • Transmission Losses • Exfiltration and Infiltration
Sensible Heat Gains Solar Gains Transmission gains Infiltration Latent Heat Gains Infiltration External Sources of Heat Gain to Buildings
Sensible Heat Gains People Lighting Electrical Equipment Latent Heat Gains People Processes Internal Sources of Heat Gains
With small buildings the main problem is generally keeping them warm in winter
With large buildings the main problem tends to be keeping them cool in summer
In addition for the need to provide Heating and cooling, other systems also need to be provided to ensure the comfort and well being of people in buildings • Ventilation • Water • Electricity • Gas • Drainage