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Review of Ireland 1923-1932

Review of Ireland 1923-1932. Presentation prepared by: Dominic Haugh St. Particks Comprehensive School Shannon Co. Clare Presentation can be used for educational purposes only – all rights remain with author. Review of Ireland 1922-1939. Political Parties 1922

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Review of Ireland 1923-1932

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  1. Review of Ireland 1923-1932 • Presentation prepared by: • Dominic Haugh • St. Particks Comprehensive School • Shannon • Co. Clare • Presentation can be used for educational purposes only – all rights remain with author

  2. Review of Ireland 1922-1939 • Political Parties 1922 • Cumann na nGaedheal (pro-Treaty Sinn Fein) • Sinn Fein (anti-Treaty) • Labour Party • Farmers Party

  3. Cumann na nGaedheal 1923-32 • General Election August 1923 • Sinn Fein refuses to attend Dail (abstention) • Cumman na nGaedheal has majority • William T. Cosgrave (President of Executive)

  4. Issues Facing Government • Consolidating the State • Law and Order • Economic Difficulties • Foreign Policy

  5. Consolidating the State • The ‘New’ Civil Service • The Civic Guard (the Gardai) • The Courts • Local Government • Founding of Fianna Fail (1926)

  6. Law and Order • Civic Guard (the Gardai) • Dealing with IRA • The Army Mutiny 1924 • The Assassination of Kevin O’Higgins • New Laws force Fianna Fail to take the Oath of Allegiance • The Red Scare 1929

  7. Economic Difficulties • Economic Recession (began 1921) • Economic problems from war • Laissez-Faire policies • Emphasis on Agriculture • Balance the books • Ultimate Financial Agreement 1926 • Government to continue paying land annuties

  8. Specific Measures • 1923 – cuts in pay for civil servants, teachers and gardai • 1924 – cuts in old age pension • 1924 – cuts taxes • 1927 – ACC established • 1927 – Building of Shannon Scheme

  9. Foreign Policy • Participation in League of Nations • Participation in Imperial Conferences • 1925 – The Boundary Commission • 1931 – Statute of Westminster

  10. Questions to Ask?? • How successful were Cumann na nGaedheal in Power? • Consolidating the New State? • Law and Order? • Economic Policy? • Foreign Policy?

  11. Fianna Fail in Power 1932-1939 • Elected with help of Labour in 1932 • 1933 – Snap election – win overall majority • Threats to the State (Law and Order) • 1937 Constitution • Foreign Policy • Economic Policies

  12. Threats to the State • IRA • DeValera releases IRA men from jail • By 1936 uses the same powers to re-arrest them again • Threats from the Blueshirts

  13. New Constitution • Dismantling the Treaty • 1932 – Abolished the Oath of Allegiance • 1932 – Undermined the Governor General • 1936 – Constitutional Amendment Act and External Relations Act • 1937 – New Constitution

  14. Foreign Policy • Tied to – • Dismantling of the Treaty • Economic War

  15. Economic Policy • More government involvement in Economy • More spending on housing and services • Drive to develop industry • Implementation of a policy of Protectionism • DeValera wants to break economic links with Britain • Drive for self-sufficiency

  16. Economic War • 1932 – July – DeValera refuses to pay land annuities • Sparks Economic War with Britain • Both sides impose tariffs on imports • ‘Burn everything British but it’s coal’ • 1935 – The Coal-Cattle Pact • 1938 – The Anglo Irish Agreement

  17. Questions to Ask?? • How successful were Fianna Fail in Power? • Law and Order? • Foreign Policy? • Economic Policy? • Did deValera make Ireland ‘self-sufficient’?

  18. Main Topics for Questions • Success or failure of different policies • Comparing CnanG and FF in different policy areas • Comparing success or failure of Cosgrave and deValera

  19. Homework • Take each policy topic and outline one reason why you feel the government of the time were a success or failure • 4 for Cummann na nGaedheal 1923-1932 • 4 for Fianna Fail 1932-1939

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