Impro Precision Industries Limited

1. Impro Superalloy Investment Casting Superalloys are used in load-bearing structural parts and under high temperatures. As compared to common alloys such as aluminum and steel, superalloys have higher strength, superior anti-corrosion, anti-abrasion and creep resistance properties in extreme operating environments. Today, over 50% of the weight of advanced aircraft engines are comprised of parts and components made out of superalloys1. Nickel and Cobalt-based superalloys are most commonly used materials in the aerospace, energy, medical, chemical, and marine industries. While Nickel-based superalloys have a higher strength at high temperature, Cobalt-based superalloys potentially possess superior hot corrosion, oxidation, and wear resistance as compared to Nickel-based superalloys2. Material scientists are putting a lot of efforts to create new materials with the combined merits of the two materials. Superalloy development has relied heavily on both chemical and process innovations3. Vacuum investment casting process first developed in 1950’s brought forward a breakthrough in engine technology by allowing significantly higher operating temperatures of superalloy components. The majority of vacuum investment castings like turbine blades and vanes for the aircraft and industrial gas turbine industries are made from Ni-base superalloys and are produced in a vacuum induction melting and precision casting furnace4. Impro’s Superalloy Investment Casting Capabilities Melting and casting process: In vacuum precision casting furnaces, a master alloy composition is inductively melted and then cast into an investment mold. Impro’s vacuum melting process allows for very fine control of the chemical composition of superalloys and reduction in contamination. ALD Three-Chamber Vacuum Induction Melting and Casting Furnaces with Ceramic Crucibles

2. Our ALD furnace incorporates induction melting and radiation cooling. This vertical three-chamber furnace is for the production of small to medium sized equiax castings with weight up to 60 kg, and mold dimensions of 550mm in diameter and 600 mm in height. It is equipped with centrifugal technology to produce refined grains of the entire castings. Consarc Three-chamber Melting and Casting Furnace Impro’s Consarc three-chamber melting furnace can pour castings with equiax solidified castings up to 50kg. It incorporates the latest PC

3. SCADA controls to accurately monitor and control melting and casting parameters thereby consistently producing the optimum metallurgical properties in the cast component. Material source control: We mainly purchase superalloys from the U.S and designated sources to ensure purity of the master alloys as a result of advanced melting and control technologies. Heat treatment: Solution treatment and aging treatment are performed per material specifications or customer specific requirements. Surface treatment: Normally we do etching on the part unless as otherwise specified by customers. NDT/Lab testing: Grain size and intergranular attack inspection, X-RAY and FPI. Highlights of Impro’s Superalloy Investment Casting Capabilities: Material: The most commonly poured metals include cobalt- and nickel- based alloys such as Inconel 718, 738, 625, 713. Size range: Process Investment Casting Machining Size Φ550×600mm max Weight 60 kg max Lathe: Φ600×600mm Machining center: 800×635×635mm - Linear tolerance range: CT4-CT6 Current application areas (expandable): Engine inlet system, nozzle ring, Environment Control System of an aircraft To learn more about Impro superalloy investment casting capabilities, please email to engineering@improprecision.com. Or contact us at: References: 1, 2, 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superalloy (2017)

4. 4: http://www.ald-vt.com/cms/en/vacuum-technology/applications/ HYPERLINK "http://www.ald- vt.com/cms/en/vacuum-technology/applications/vim-ic/"vim-ic/