Indiau2019s industrial wastewater challenge is substantial: CPCB has previously estimated around 11,000 MLD of wastewater from 17 categories of medium and large industries alone. A wastewater treatment plant protects receiving water bodies by removing contaminants before discharge or reuse. In Indian factories, that usually means some combination of ETP, biological treatment, tertiary polishing, recycling, and, where required, Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).nn