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Kingdom of Monera

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Kingdom of Monera

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  1. KINGDOM MONERAChpt. 18 “Bacteria”

  2. Kingdom Monera • Commonly called bacteria • All monerans are unicellular • All monerans are prokaryotes Prokaryotes: Single-celled organisms surrounded by a membrane and cell wall that LACK membrane bound organelles

  3. Prokaryote Cell

  4. Characteristics of Monera • Monera can be divided into two main groups: 1) Archaebacteria - “ancient” bacteria - live in extremely harsh conditions 2) Eubacteria - “true” bacteria

  5. Archaebacteria (ancient) • Can be divided into 4 groups: 1. Methanogens “methane producers” 2. Thermoacidophiles “heat and acid lovers” 3. Chemosynthesizers “make own chemicals” 4. Extreme Halophiles “salt lovers”

  6. Produce methane Live where there is no oxygen Found in intestines of many mammals Found in swamps – causes the “rotten egg” smell Methanogens

  7. Thermoacidophiles • Live in extremely hot and acidic waters • Often found in hot springs • Ex. Yellowstone National Park

  8. Chemosynthesizers • Use inorganic compounds as source of energy (instead of sun) • Inorganic = compounds containing sulfur, iron, nitrogen (not carbon!) • Process called oxidation • Use energy to change carbon dioxide into organic food molecules • Live in harsh environments (e.g. hot sulfur vents on ocean floor)

  9. Extreme Halophiles • “salt loving” • Live in water up to ten times saltier than sea water • Found in places like the Dead Sea

  10. ARCHAEBACTERIA

  11. Eubacteria • Divided into three groups: 1. Gram-positive Bacteria 2. Gram-negative Bacteria 3. Cyanobacteria

  12. Have thick cells walls. Turn purple when put through a special series of stains called “gram-staining.” Includes a wide variety of bacteria such as those causing strep throat and tetanus (lockjaw). Gram-positive

  13. Gram-negative • Have an extra layer of fat outside cell wall. • Appear pink after gram-staining. • Includes bacteria such as E.coli and the bacteria that causes whooping cough.

  14. Gram-positive vs. negative

  15. Cyanobacteria • Perform plant-like photosynthesis. • Release oxygen. • Used to be called “blue-green” algae (still commonly called that!). • Toxic to animals.

  16. EUBACTERIA

  17. Classifying Bacteria • 3 main shapes: 1. Bacilli (rod-shaped) 2. Cocci (sphere-shaped) 3. Spirilla (corkscrew-shaped)

  18. Why learn about Bacteria? • Some cause serious diseases: • Pneumonia, tuberculosis, lyme disease, bubonic plague, food-borne illnesses • Most are beneficial • Intestinal bacteria (digest food and make vitamins) • Break down dead organisms (decomposers) • Industry: make cheese, yogurt, antibiotics

  19. * * Gram-negative: Extreme Halophiles: Chemosynthesizers: Thermoacidophiles: Gram-positive: Cyanobacteria: Methanogens: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * KINGDOM MONERA * ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA

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