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Chapter 15 Carbohydrates

Chapter 15 Carbohydrates. 15.1 Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy from our diet composed of the elements C, H and O also called saccharides, which means “sugars”. Carbohydrates (continued). Carbohydrates are produced by photosynthesis in plants

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Chapter 15 Carbohydrates

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  1. Chapter 15 Carbohydrates 15.1Carbohydrates

  2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are • a major source of energy from our diet • composed of the elements C, H and O • also called saccharides, which means “sugars”

  3. Carbohydrates (continued) Carbohydrates • are produced by photosynthesis in plants • such as glucose are synthesized in plants from CO2, H2O, and energy from the sun • are oxidized in living cells (respiration) to produce CO2, H2O, and energy

  4. Types of Carbohydrates The types of carbohydrates are • monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates • disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides • polysaccharides, which contain many monosaccharides

  5. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides consist of • 3 to 6 carbon atoms (typically) • a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) • several hydroxyl groups

  6. Naming Monosaccharides Names of monosaccharides • end in -ose • may include the number of carbons in the molecule: triose(3 C atoms) tetrose(4 C atoms) pentose (5 C atoms) hexose(6 C atoms)

  7. Aldoses Aldoses are monosaccharides • with an aldehyde group • with many hydroxyl (—OH) groups • Examples: aldotriose (3 C atoms) aldotetrose (4 C atoms) aldopentose (5 C atoms) aldohexose (6 C atoms)

  8. Ketoses Ketoses are monosaccharides • with a ketone group • with many hydroxyl (—OH) groups • Examples: ketotriose (3 C atoms) ketotetrose (4 C atoms) ketopentose (5 C atoms) ketohexose (6 C atoms)

  9. Examples of Monosaccharides

  10. Learning Check Identify each as aldo- or keto- and as tetrose, pentose or hexose. A. B.

  11. Solution Identify each as aldo- or keto- and as tetrose, pentose or hexose: A. B. aldohexoseketopentose

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