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Animals over Winter

Animals over Winter. How do habitats change?. Temperature decreases As low as −50°C in the Arctic! Sometimes even colder! Hours of daylight decrease In some places it is dark for over four months! Increased rain and snowfall (especially in the northern hemisphere).

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Animals over Winter

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  1. Animals over Winter

  2. How do habitats change? • Temperature decreases • As low as −50°C in the Arctic! Sometimes even colder! • Hours of daylight decrease • In some places it is dark for over four months! • Increased rain and snowfall • (especially in the northern hemisphere) • Food supplies may be harder to find

  3. American bison in summer habitat

  4. http://www.arkive.org/american-bison/bison-bison/video-bi02.htmlhttp://www.arkive.org/american-bison/bison-bison/video-bi02.html American bison in winter

  5. Brrr – it’s cold! What do animals do in winter?

  6. Animals can… • Migrate • Hibernate • Stay in the area and: • - Store food • - Change their appearance • - Change their behaviour Polar bear sleeping in the snow

  7. Complete the worksheet

  8. Answers!

  9. Migration • This means: to move from one region, country or climate to another • In winter, migrating animals normally move from a colder climate to a warmer one Snow geese being taught to migrate by following a microlight aircraft Snow geese migrating: flying in a ‘V’ formation

  10. Snow goose: Migration case study • Migrate to a warmer • climate in winter • Spend spring and • summer in the Arctic • (Alaska, Greenland, Canada) • Fly south to a warmer • climate in autumn • Overwinter in Mexico and the Gulf Coast • Some birds fly all the way in one flight! • - 1,700 miles in 70 hours Snow geese migrating

  11. Monarch butterfly: Migration case study • Longest known insect migration • North American and Canada populations migrate southward to overwinter • - Up to 3000 miles! • - Cover 80 miles per day! • Millions of individuals roost throughout winter in a state of relative inactivity

  12. Hibernation • This means to go into a dormant (torpid) state • over winter • Sliding scale of hibernation: • Some animals hibernate throughout winter • Some animals wake up to feed Brown long-eared bat hibernating

  13. True hibernation • Body temperature drops • Metabolic rate slows • Breathing and heart rate decreases • Live off stored fat reserves • Can lose up to 40% of body weight Common dormouse hibernating

  14. True hibernator: Arctic ground squirrel • Unique amongst mammal hibernators as their body temperature drops to -3ºC! • Every few weeks they warm up slightly by shivering • - Possibly to prevent brain damage • Risky strategy: • - Some Arctic ground squirrels never wake up Arctic ground squirrel

  15. Spend winter hibernating at the bottom of a river bed • Can hibernate for up to six months • Use a ‘natural antifreeze’ to prevent their blood from freezing True hibernator: painted turtle Painted turtle

  16. Partial hibernation • Body temperature drops (but often not as low as true hibernators) • Breathing and heart rate slow (but often not as slow as true hibernators) Brown bear: a full and partial hibernator • Can be more easily woken than true hibernators (can wake up in case of danger) • Awake to feed, drink and even walk around

  17. Resident animals Animals which stay in the same area and change their behaviour or appearance rather than hibernating or migrating. Reindeer in winter coat

  18. What can resident animals do? • Store food • Change their diet • Change their coat • colour • Grow a thicker coat • Lay down a thick layer of fat • Decrease their metabolic rate Skunks change their diet in winter

  19. Arctic fox: Adaptations to the survive the winter Arctic fox in winter coat Arctic fox in summer coat

  20. What about species that live in even colder places?

  21. Thick layer of fat (blubber) under the skin for insulation Thick skin Large body size (loses less heat) Cold feet! Huddle together for warmth Tightly overlapping feathers for waterproofing and warmth

  22. Large body size to minimise heat loss Black skin (retains heat) Light-coloured fur Large feet to spread weight on ice/snow Hollow fur to trap air for insulation Small ears and tail to reduce heat loss Thick layer of fat under the skin Stiff hairs on feet to protect from the cold and provide grip ‘Waking hibernation’

  23. Any Questions? Let’s move on to the activity…

  24. Activity • Choose one of the species from the list. • Make a poster about your species. What is it called? Where does it live? • Using the ARKive website and other websites, find out about the different adaptations your species has to survive winter. • Draw a picture and explain the different adaptations your species has to survive… • Does it migrate? • Does it hibernate? • Does it grow a thick coat? • Does it store food?

  25. Species to choose from • Bar-headed goose • Grey squirrel • American bison • Stoat • Arctic tern • Dormouse • Garter snake • Blue whale • Arctic fox • Skunk • Brown bear • Swallow

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