H epatitis

1. Blood Borne Pathogens HIV AIDS B Hepatitis C Hepatitis AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

2. HIV / AIDS H- Human I- Immunodeficiency V- Virus A- Acquired I- Immuno D- Deficiency S- Syndrome AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

3. HIV / AIDS HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness that leaves people vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers Approximately 58,000 people have tested positive for HIV in Canada It is estimated that over 4,000 Canadians are infected withHIV every year AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

4. HIV / AIDS HIV is transmitted through direct blood-to-blood or blood-to-body fluid contact with an infected individual Body fluids containing HIV include: -Blood -Pre-ejaculate - Ejaculate -Vaginal fluid - Breast milk AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

5. HIV / AIDS Primary infection - also known as seroconversion - when you first become infected. You may experience transient flu-like symptoms for a few day to weeks Asymptomatic infection - the period after seroconversion when you remain healthy without any symptoms of HIVdisease. This may last for many years. Although you remain well, the HIV virus continues to multiply AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

6. HIV / AIDS Symptomatic infection - occurs as your immune system is becoming weakened by HIV. You may experience symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, diarrhea, or weight loss AIDS - involves severe symptoms such as wasting, opportunistic infections and cancers AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

7. Hepatitis HEPA TITIS LIVER INFLAMATION Healthy Liver Inflamed Liver AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

8. B Hep HBV is transmitted through blood-to-blood and blood-to-body fluid contact. Many people infected withHBVnever feel sick and recover completely Others get a brief, acute illness with fatigue, loss of appetite and jaundice. Less then 10% of infected adults will develop chronic HBV AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

9. B Hep Anyone chronically infected with HBV is considered a carrier of the virus. A carrier of HBV may have trace amounts of the virus in their blood and body fluids for life. There is a vaccine for HBV AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

10. C Hep HCV lives in the blood of an infected person and is transmitted through direct blood-to-blood contact HCV remains a serious health issue; infecting approximately 300,000 Canadians Approximately 5000 more Canadians are infected each year - mostly youth HCV is 10 to 15 times more infectious then HIV AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

11. C Hep 70% of all HCVinfections occur as a result of IV drug Most people infected with HCV are unaware of there infectionand may be unknowingly transmitting the disease to others There is no cure or vaccine for HCV AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

12. C Hep Virus no longer detected in 15% Minor damage to liver Acute HCV Initial HCV Infection Chronic HCV 85% Liver failure Cirrhosis Liver cancer AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

13. Methods of Transmission Unprotected sex Risk Reduction Infection Risk Always practice safe sex, use condoms. HIV AIDS HIGH C Hep LOW B HIGH Hep AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

14. Methods of Transmission Tattoos & Body Piercing Risk Reduction Infection Risk Always use new needles for tattoos and piercings HIV LOW AIDS Make sure a separate vile of ink is used for your tattoo C Hep MEDIUM Always use new jewelry B Hep MEDIUM AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

15. Methods of Transmission Mother to Baby Risk Reduction Infection Risk Know your status, get tested HIV HIGH AIDS C Hep LOW B HIGH Hep AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

16. Testing If you think you may have been exposed to HIV or Hepatitis C GET TESTED! The AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton is offering Anonymous HIV and Non-Nominal HBV and HCV testing. 1-877-597-9255 Toll free: (902) 567-1123 Locally: AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

17. Methods of Transmission IV Drug Use Risk Reduction Infection Risk Abstain from IV drug use HIV Seek addiction treatment AIDS HIGH Use Needle Exchange Program C Hep HIGH B HIGH Hep AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

18. Additional Harms (Physical) Occurs when a solid particle is drawn up and injected. The particle circulates and obscures vessels in the lungs. Chalk Lung: Abscesses/Skin Infection : Occur when germs are pushed inward and form a pocket of pus under the skin. Occurs when germs are pushed into the blood stream and settle on the valves of the heart. Heart Infection: AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

19. Additional Harms (Physical) Occurs when cotton filters are reused and bacteria in the cotton is injected into the blood stream. Cotton Fever: Occurs when the user’s tolerance level is exceeded. Overdose: AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

20. Additional Harms (Social) Homelessness Loss of Support Unemployment Imprisonment AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

21. Addiction Pre-Contemplation: The individual is not considering change and may not realize they have a problem Maintenance Relapse Relapse Contemplation: The individualis thinking about change but may not be ready to take action Pre-contemplation Action Planning & preparation: The individual is identifying realistic alternatives and removing obstacles. Relapse Relapse Planning & preparation Action: The individual works through the conflict between belief and action, and change begins Contemplation Relapse Maintenance: The costs of making change, is re-identified in order to maintain change. Change continues and becomes normalized AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

22. Programs & Services Hold to traditional abstinence-based approaches High Threshold : Treatment initiatives with a structured regime centered on drug use and include both medical and social care Medium Threshold : Focus entirely on reducing the harms associated with drug use and the direct and indirect effects of drug use on the community Low Threshold : AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton

23. Questions ? AIDS Coalition of Cape Breton