Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Multi-coded Bi-orthogonal PPM (MC-BPPM) Based Impulse Radio Technology Date Submitted: 8 Sep., 2004 Source: [Hyung Soo Lee (1), Cheol Hyo Lee (1), Dong Jo Park (2), Dan Keun Sung (2), Sung Yoon Jung (2), Joon Yong Lee (3)] Company: [(1) Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) (2) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technologies (KAIST) (3) Handong Global University (HGU)] Address: [(1) 161 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (2) 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (3) Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea] Voice: [(1) +82 42 860 5625, (2) +82 42 869 5438, (3) +82 54 260 1931], FAX: [(2) +82 42 869 8038] E-Mail: [(1) hsulee@etri.re.kr, (2) syjung@kaist.ac.kr, (3) joonlee@handong.edu] Abstract: [This document proposespreliminary proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard] Purpose: [Preliminary Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15

2. Multi-Coded Bi-orthogonal PPM Based Impulse RadioTechnology ETRI-KAIST-HGU Republic of Korea

3. Contents • Band Plan • Pulse Design • Multi-Coded Bi-orthogonal PPM (MC-BPPM) • PHY Frame Structure • Transceiver Architecture • Data Rate • Link Budget • Ranging Accuracy for Location Awareness

4. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Band Plan • Bandwidth : Two bands - Low band (3.1 to 4.9 GHz) : Mandatory band - High band (5.825 to 10.6 GHz) Low band High band

5. Low Band Pulse Design : Example (1) • Prolate pulse* - Pulse duration : 2.1376ns  Bandwidth : 1.8GHz *: Parr, B.; ByungLok Cho; Wallace, K.; Zhi Ding Communications Letters, IEEE ,Volume: 7 ,Issue: 5 ,May 2003

6. Low Band Pulse Design : Example (2) • Chaotic pulse - Large base signal (base=2*bandwidth*duration) - Flexible bandwidth and signal duration

7. 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -3 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 Multi-Coded Bi-orthogonal PPM (MC-BPPM) • Operation example (L=3, Ns=4, Nr=1, Tg=0 ns) Multi-coded symbol ( Code rate : L/Ns ) Ex. Code rate = 3/4 Orthogonal code set ( Code Length : Ns ) Ex. Ns=4 Data block ( L bits ) Ex. L=3 Modulation Bi-orthogonal PPM : 1 -3 1 1

8. : # of bits per data block : # of Repetitions : Orthogonal code length : # of repetitions : Code length : Pulse bin width (duration) : Multi-coded chip duration : Position number for BPPM : Multi-coded symbol duration : Guard time for processing delay : Total transmit time duration of a data block PHY Frame Structure • Frame structure of PPDU (example) Preamble SFD PHR PSDU

9. Data Encoder Data Modulator Data Orthogonal Channel Bi-phase PPM Multi-code Pulse Generator Data Data Decoder Data DeModulator Orthogonal Bi-phase PPM Multi-code Pulse Location Generator Detector Transceiver Architecture • Transmitter • Receiver

10. Data Rate • Low band modes (example)

11. Link Budget : Example • Bandwidth : 1.8GHz • MC-BPPM • 1% PER (32 Octets/Packet)

12. Location Awareness : Ranging Accuracy

13. Conclusions • Multi-Coded Bi-orthogonal PPM • Candidates for UWB Pulses • Prolate pulse / Chaotic pulse • Time-diversity gain • Data rate scalability • Wide pulse bin width • Reduced duty cycle • Mitigated Inter bin Interference (IBI)

14. Back-Up Slides

15. Link Capacity of MC-BPPM • Parameter Setting • Tm=2.1376ns(=Tw) , Tg=0ns / Ns=4 & 8 , Nr=1 • Comparison with M-ary BPPM, BPSK • Same Tx. pulse power per bit (Ns : repetition code length for BPPM, BPSK)

16. Higher link capacity Lower data transmission time • Wide pulse bin width is possible!! • Multipath immunity => Low Rx. complexity • ( No equalizer ) Pulse Bin Width (Tm) • Pulse bin width vs. link capacity

17. Pulse Bin Width (Tm) • Pulse bin width comparison • Comparison with (M-ary) BPPM & BPSK • Same link capacity condition, same Tx. pulse power per bit

18. Lower pulse duty cycle than • M-ary BPPM & BPSK Pulse Bin Width (Tm) • Example • Let L=5, Ns=8

19. More multipath Immunity • than (M-ary) BPPM & BPSK!! • No additional complexity • to mitigate IBI!! < TG 3a CM 4 > Pulse Bin Width (Tm) • Example • Let L=5, Ns=8

20. Location Awareness : Scenarios Sensor network by UWB UWB tag UWB tag UWB tag Wake up “Yellow shirts”. • Criteria • Mobility of Nodes - Stationary, movable, or mobile • Density of Nodes - Dense or sparse • Mobility of Reference Nodes - Stationary, movable, or mobile • Position Accuracy - Low / Medium / High accuracy “Information” UWB tag UWB tag UWB tag UWB tag UWB tag UWB tag Nodes are stationary Nodes are mobile *Source : IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a

21. Length of search region Correlator output ToA of direct path Threshold Serial search by sampling & integration (Search for the 1st level-crossing point) Initial lock point Location Awareness : ToA Measurement of Direct Path Signal • Search by sampling over multiple-pulse transmissions • References: • Joon-Yong Lee and Robert A. Scholtz, "Ranging in a dense multipath environment using an UWB radio link" , IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.20, no.9, pp.1677 - 1683, Dec. 2002 • Robert A. Scholtz and Joon-Yong Lee, "Problems in modeling UWB channels", 36'th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Nov. 2002