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Physical Disks

Physical Disks. Module 2.3. Physical Disks. After completing this module, you will be able to: Describe the major physical components of a disk drive and their function Define the logical constructs of a physical disk

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Physical Disks

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  1. Physical Disks Module 2.3

  2. Physical Disks After completing this module, you will be able to: • Describe the major physical components of a disk drive and their function • Define the logical constructs of a physical disk • Describe the access characteristics for disk drives and their performance implications • Describe the logical partitioning of physical drives Module TitlePhysical Disks

  3. Lesson: Disk Drive Components Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe the physical components of a disk drive • Describe the physical structure of a disk drive platter • Discuss how the geometry of a disk impacts how data is recorded on a platter • Differentiate between the logical organization of data and the physical organization on a disk drive Module TitlePhysical Disks

  4. Disk Drive Components: Platters 01010100111010101010 00110100111010101010 00110100111010101010 10110101011010101010 Module TitlePhysical Disks

  5. Disk Drive Components: Spindle Spindle Platters Module TitlePhysical Disks

  6. Disk Drive Components: Read/Write Heads Module TitlePhysical Disks

  7. Disk Drive Components: Actuator Spindle Actuator Module TitlePhysical Disks

  8. Physical Disk Structures: Actuator Arm Assembly R/W Head R/W Head Actuator Module TitlePhysical Disks

  9. Disk Drive Components: Controller Controller Interface HDA Power Connector Bottom View of Disk Drive Module TitlePhysical Disks

  10. Physical Disk Structures: Sectors and Tracks Sector Track Platter Module TitlePhysical Disks

  11. Platter Geometry and Zoned-Bit Recording Sector Track Platter Without Zones Platter With Zones Module TitlePhysical Disks

  12. Physical Disk Structures: Cylinders Cylinder Tracks, Cylinders and Sectors Module TitlePhysical Disks

  13. Sector Cylinder Logical Block Addressing Block 0 Head Block 8 (lower surface) Block 16 Block 32 Block 48 Physical Address = CHS Logical Block Address = Block # Module TitlePhysical Disks

  14. D What the Host Sees A A B C One Logical Volume Multiple Logical Volumes Module TitlePhysical Disks

  15. Lesson Summary Key points covered in this lesson: • Physical drives are made up of: • HDA • Platters connected via a spindle • Read/write heads which are positioned by an actuator • Controller • Controls power, communication, positioning, and optimization • Data is structured on a drive using tracks, sectors, and cylinders • The geometry of a disk impacts how data is recorded on a platter Module TitlePhysical Disks

  16. Lesson: Disk Drive Performance Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe the factors that impact the performance of a drive • Describe how drive reliability is measured Module TitlePhysical Disks

  17. Disk Drive Performance: Positioning • Seek time is the time for read/write heads to move between tracks • Seek time specifications include: • Full stroke • Average • Track-to-track Module TitlePhysical Disks

  18. Disk Drive Performance: Rotational Speed/Latency Module TitlePhysical Disks

  19. Disk Drive Performance: Command Queuing Without Command Queuing Request 1 Request 2 2 4 3 2 1 1 Request 3 3 Request 4 4 With Command Queuing Request 1 Request 2 2 4 2 3 1 1 Request 3 3 Request 4 4 Module TitlePhysical Disks

  20. Buffer Interface HBA Disk Drive Performance: Data Transfer Rate External transfer rate measured here Internal transfer rate measured here Disk Drive Module TitlePhysical Disks

  21. Drive Reliability: MTBF • Mean Time Between Failure • Amount of time that one can anticipate a device to work before an incapacitating malfunction occurs • Based on averages • Measured in hours • Determined by artificially aging the product Module TitlePhysical Disks

  22. Lesson Summary Key points covered in this lesson: • Drive performance is impacted by a number of factors including: • Seek time • Rotational latency • Command queuing • Data transfer rate • Drive reliability is measured using MTBF Module TitlePhysical Disks

  23. Module Summary Key points covered in this module: • Physical drives are made up of a number of components • HDA – houses the platters, spindles, actuator assemblies (which include the actuator and the read/write heads) • Controller - Controls power, communication, positioning, and optimization • Data is structured on a drive using tracks, sectors, and cylinders • Drive performance is impacted by seek time, rotational latency, command queuing, and data transfer rate Module TitlePhysical Disks

  24. Check Your Knowledge • Describe the purpose of the actuator, the read/write head, and the controller on a drive. • What is the difference between a track, a sector, and a cylinder? • Why is zoned-bit recording used? • What is the difference between seek time and rotational latency? • What is the difference between internal and external data transfer rates? • What purpose does the MTBF specification serve? Module TitlePhysical Disks

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