1 / 16

Television

Television Com 160 History of the Medium (sans content) TV Debut at World’s Fair in: ____ Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in: ____ Result? Began manufacturing TV’s again in: ____ 1947: Affluent people owned TVs. 1948: TVs became a central feature in: ____

KeelyKia
Télécharger la présentation

Television

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Television Com 160

  2. History of the Medium (sans content) • TV Debut at World’s Fair in: ____ • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in: ____ • Result? • Began manufacturing TV’s again in: ____ • 1947: Affluent people owned TVs. • 1948: TVs became a central feature in: ____ • The local tavern was a significant element in demonstrating and popularlizing the new medium.

  3. Diffusion of Innovations Theory A SCALED-DOWN VERSION OF THE THEORY • Diffusion: how something new (ideas, technology) is communicated throughout a society. • Diffusion of an “innovation” occurs through interpersonal communication & the media.

  4. DIT cont. • Propensity to adopt varies… • Is it valuable? • Relative Advantage • Compatibility • Complexity • Trialability • Observability • How DIT works (cyclic)

  5. The basics of the DIT cycle • It’s created.  • People sell it (related to media when it existed) • Some people buy it (“Early Adopters”) (“Opinion Leaders?”) • They talk about it. • Awareness Talk • Opinion Talk • Practice Talk • Advocacy Talk • (Resistance talk??) • We buy it (“Opinion Followers”) Critical Mass: When 15-20% of the population “bought” it. (Mass production  price goes down)

  6. DIT & TV? • In 1950 <10% of American homes had a TV • In 1960 almost 90% had TVs!!! • More TVs than babies?!?!  • The Big Freeze – 1948-1952 • No new TV licenses awarded • No TV transmitters could be built • Resulted in the rise of “cable” TV.

  7. Lucille Ball’s Contributions • 1951: CBS wanted to move radio hit “My Favorite Husband” to TV. • Lucille Ball had conditions • Desi  • Film Cameras • 3 cameras would give best combination of action/reaction shots. • Production in Hollywood • CBS said “No way.” • Lucy  produced on her own, sold the rights to CBS. • TRANSFORMED THE BUSINESS & LOOK OF TV

  8. Lucille Ball’s Industry Transformation… • Filmed reruns now possible • Created the off-network syndication industry • TV industry moved from NY to Hollywood • Weekly series now produced quickly and cheaply. • Saved $ • Stock Shots

  9. How A Program Gets on the Air • 4,000 proposals/yr; 100 will be pilots; 20-30 make it on air; 3-4 might become hits. • Producers propose ideas… • Networks may buy a whole script… • A pilot… • Some episodes… • More episodes? • Producers pay for 50% or more along the way.

  10. What the… ? • Producers lose money throughout the development process • Continue to lose even more the longer the show stays on TV. • Syndication desired (producers retain rights) • Sold to individual stations • Critics argue this system keeps TV content weak. • There is little incentive to gamble w/characters or story lines; there’s little profit in pushing the aesthetic boundaries of the medium.

  11. Cable TV’s Contribution to Programming • Appeals to niche markets (narrowcasting) • Audiences not stuck watching whatever the networks happen to be broadcasting… • Subsequently appeals to advertisers • Reduces the market share that watches regular network TV • “Market Share” – proportion of the total television viewing audience

  12. Market Share-Programming Relationship • Network programming formulas now unprofitable • Exorbitant fees can’t be recouped w/advertising • Ratings decline • Networks offset declining ratings w/lower production costs • So-called “reality” programming • “found” material • Unpaid amateurs

  13. The end result? • True innovation is stifled by a complex pattern of relationships among producers, networks, and media conglomerates who own them.

  14. Programming Strategies • TV viewing is a deeply ingrained habit. • Be the least objectionable choice! • Strategies Employed: • Scheduling genre blocks • Lead into a promising show w/a proven one • “Lead Out” • “Hammocking” • “Tent Poling” • “Stripping” • “Checkerboarding”

  15. Programming Strategies: Competition! • The competition will… • “Stunting” • “Counterprogram”

  16. Children and Television • 1967 – Public Broadcasting Act • Educational TV stations united w/ PBS. • 1968 – Joan Ganz Cooney • Distraught by lack of preschool – founded CTW • 1969: Sesame Street • Major hit: even went seriously int’l! • Made an educational difference (?) • Better off kids benefited most

More Related