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They are more efficient in that they require less working memory and fewer cognitive ... Graphics work so. economically because of what Larkin and Simon ...
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THE SYLLABUS as a Learning Device
Bloom’s Taxonomy Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge
Learning How to Learn Foundational Knowledge Caring Application Human Dimension Integration A Taxonomy of Significant Learning
Four Elements to Learning Situational Factors Learning Goals Feedback and Assessment Teaching/Learning Activities
Learning Goals Teaching & Learning Activities Feedback & Assessment Situational Factors
We learn better from words and pictures together than from words or pictures alone.
Graphic elements break up blocks of text. . . .
“Graphics convey information more efficiently than text. They are more efficient in that they require less working memory and fewer cognitive transformations than text. . . .Graphics work so economically because of what Larkin and Simon (1987) call “perceptual enhancement,” which means they communicate information on two levels at once: through their individual elements and through the spatial arrangement of those elements.” Nilson, The Graphic Syllabus and the Outcomes Map, 19.
Graphics Elements Efficient Memorable
Selective perception CONTRAST
Selective perception Pattern recognition. . .
Learning styles: visual, global, spatial
Two memory systems: semantic & episodic verbal & visual-spatial
Retained better and longer Retrieved more easily
Graphics Elements Efficient Memorable
We see the whole picture at once. . .
Learning styles. . . Verbal & visual-spatial memory systems Retained and retrieved, Provide a global picture.
