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Born Criminal or Equipotentiality?

Born Criminal or Equipotentiality?. Trait theories: Biosocial and Psychological Views. Bio Positivist Theories. Born Criminal XYY The Super Male IQ, Mental Theories Testosterone Arousal Theories Minimal Brain Dysfunction and learning disabilities. Contemporary biosocial theorists.

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Born Criminal or Equipotentiality?

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  1. Born Criminal or Equipotentiality?

  2. Trait theories: Biosocial and Psychological Views

  3. Bio Positivist Theories • Born Criminal • XYY The Super Male • IQ, Mental Theories • Testosterone • Arousal Theories • Minimal Brain Dysfunction and learning disabilities

  4. Contemporary biosocial theorists • Biochemical factors • neurological dysfunction • genetic influences

  5. Stigmata • Asymmetry of face or head • Large “monkey-like” ears • Large lips • Receding chin • Twisted nose • Large cheek bones • Long arms • Excessive wrinkles • Extra fingers or toes

  6. Phrenology

  7. Phrenology

  8. Franz Joseph Gall • 1738-1800 Baden, Germany • Dr of Craniology or Cranioscopy, early terms for phrenology

  9. Goring English Prison Medical Officer Statistically Diverse differences in Body stature and weight The English Convict

  10. Hooten Crime and the Man

  11. Biosocial considerations If a Criminal is Biologically Inferior, why not sort them now?

  12. Defective Physique Defective Intelligence • Prisoners Were shorter and thinner • Prisoners had lower IQ (Subjectively)

  13. Where did the Biological Theorists Go Wrong?

  14. Biosocial Considerations Can we isolate them from society? Can we change the prison terms based on physical form?

  15. Twin Studies and Adoption Studies I get it from my parents

  16. XYY • Biology • Genetics • Social Behavior

  17. Environment • Genetic predisposition and never commit a criminal act • Lack of a genetic predisposition and be a criminal

  18. How Can we Determine the Extent of Criminal Behavior is Genetically Influenced? • TWIN STUDIES • ADOPTION STUDIES

  19. Twins • Monozygotic Twins • Single Egg • Dizygotic Twins • Separate Eggs • Share about half the genes

  20. Johannes Lange(1920’s) • 30 Pairs of Same sex twins • 13 Identical 17 Fraternal Pairs • One Member of Each Pair was a known criminal

  21. Twin Studies Result ( Lange 1920) • 13 Identical Twins • 10 Pairs: Both Twins Were Criminal

  22. Twin Studies Result ( Lange 1920) • 17 Pairs of Fraternal Twins • 2 Pairs Were Criminal

  23. Karl Christianson and Sarnoff A. Mednick 1881-1910 Study • 3586 pairs of twins • Listed Serious Offenses only

  24. Mednick and Christiansen • Identical Twins: If one is criminal, the other is likely to be criminal by 50% • Fraternal Twins: If one criminal and the same sex as the other, the other has a 20% likelihood of being criminal.

  25. David C. Rowe, D. Wayne Osgood • Recent American Study • Supported the Findings of Christiansen and Mednick

  26. Adoption Studies • Best way to separate the Inherited Traits from Environmental Conditions • Largest Study was in Denmark 1924-1927 by Sarnoff A. Mednick • 14,427 Male and Female Adoptions • Felony Cases Only

  27. If the Biological Parents were not Criminal and the Adoptive Parents Were not Criminal, What Percent of the Offspring were Criminal?

  28. 13.5% Criminal

  29. If the Adoptive Parents were Criminal and the Biological Parents were not Criminal?

  30. 14.7 % Criminal

  31. If the Adoptive Parents were Non Criminal and the Biological Parents were Criminal?

  32. 20 % Crime Conviction of the Offspring

  33. How About Both Sets of Parents Criminal?

  34. 24.5%

  35. Does this Data Suggest that Criminality is Inherited?

  36. How About Females? • Study of 862 Adopted Males • 913 Adopted Females

  37. Who Do You Think Gets More Criminal Tendencies Biologically: Males or Females?

  38. Studies Show that Females Inherit Criminal Tendencies More than Males

  39. Are Violent Tendencies Inherited? • No one has ever found evidence of inheritance of violence. • Mednick

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