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Exploring Behavioral Perspective: Classical Conditioning and Personality Formation

This overview delves into the Behavioral Perspective on personality and behavior, highlighting the rejection of intrinsic traits in favor of understanding behavior as a function of environmental influences. It discusses concepts such as Classical Conditioning, where responses are learned through association, and features examples such as "A Clockwork Orange." Key topics include unconditioned and conditioned stimuli, the process of acquisition, extinction, and the implications of experimental neurosis on personality. The discussion also covers treatment applications based on conditioned responses and environmental cues.

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Exploring Behavioral Perspective: Classical Conditioning and Personality Formation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Learning Perspective on Personality

  2. Behavioral Perspective • No such thing as “personality” • Rejects notion of traits • Behavior a function of the environment • People and animals are similar • Equipotentiality • We are born as a blank slate (Locke) • Built on a tradition of empiricism/rationalism

  3. Behavioral Perspective • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Social Learning

  4. Classical Conditioning • a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus • Classical = Pavlovian = respondent

  5. Classical Conditioning Terms neutral stimulus - NS unconditioned stimulus - UCS unconditioned response - UCR conditioned stimulus - CS conditioned response - CR

  6. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Classical Conditioning • Before conditioning

  7. Classical Conditioning • Acquisition • The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and conditioned stimulus(CS) are paired repeatedly

  8. Classical Conditioning • After conditioning

  9. Classical Conditioning Personality characterized as CRs to environmental stimuli CR can be appetitive or aversive

  10. A Clockwork Orange Example of Classical Conditioning

  11. A Clockwork Orange • Main character: Alex Delarge • Crime: Murder • Treatment: Ludivico

  12. John B. Watson(click here) 1878-1958 “Radical” Behaviorism Little Albert

  13. Fear Conditioning in Little Albert

  14. Temporal Arrangements Stimulus Contiguity

  15. Timing is Everything! Forward Conditioning short delay long delay trace Backward Simultaneous

  16. Extinction • extinction = the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency • spontaneous recovery = partial recovery of the conditioned response

  17. Acquisition, Extinction, and SR

  18. Stimulus Generalization

  19. Generalization

  20. Stimulus Discrimination

  21. Stimulus Discrimination • With training, CRs at 400, 800, 1600, 2000 should extinguish, which is a process known as stimulus discrimination.

  22. Discrimination

  23. Experimental Neurosis • results from competing excitatory and inhibitory conditioned responses.

  24. Experimental Neurosis Oval Circle No Food Food Salivation

  25. Experimental Neurosis • Dog does not know how to respond and personality changes under this condition. • Experimental Neurosis might be at the basis of certain psychological disorders.

  26. Different Patterns for EN • 1) anxious • 2) rigid/hypnotized • 3) angry • Why different patterns? • Conditionability

  27. Higher-order Conditioning • Phase 1)

  28. Higher-order Conditioning • Phase 2) CS1 CS2 UCR, CR UCS

  29. Blocking

  30. Blocking, Phase 1 Light Light Fear Shock Fear

  31. Blocking, Phase 2 Tone Light / Tone ? Shock Fear

  32. Classical Conditioning Practical Application

  33. Compensatory Responses Friends, Place, Smells, behaviors prior to use Cues associated with drug use CR craving Pleasure Drug UCS UCR

  34. Compensatory responses • Treatment… • Exposure to cues, initially causes craving • Without UCS, cravings decrease

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