Political Violence in The Modern Era

1. Political Violence in The Modern Era The History of Terrorism as a Strategy of Political InsurgencySection 5

2. Political Violence State Against State • Clash of sizeable armies • Organized, planned, studied • Capable of supporting Bureaucracy Citizens Against Citizens • Common crime • Racial strife • Political strife • Vigilantism State Against Citizens • Ordinary and legal (arrest, execution) • Clandestine, illegal intimidation Citizen Against State • Organized or spontaneous • Insurgency is an organized form

3. Forms of Insurgent Resistance Coup d'état Leninist Revolution Revolution Guerilla War Riot Non-Violent Resistance

4. Insurgent Strategies Coup d'état • A planned Insurgency at a high level • Sudden • Forceful • Political • Always planned to be swift • Often military based • Limited destruction Guerilla Warfare • Strategy of protracted war • Diffuse • Small formations • Flexibility offsets inferior firepower Leninist Revolution • Tightly knit, clandestine part organization • Often long period of preparation, including the recruitment, education, and organization of a revolutionary class • Long preparation is to be followed by short revolution Terrorism • Strategic choice • Distinctly different than the other forms of violence • Weapons and targets are different • Often used in conjunction with Guerilla strategies

5. Comparing the Strategies Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, EdsThe History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, Page 26 Table 3

7. Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Terrorist actions are attacks on the psychology of the opponent. Victory is to be achieved through • Propaganda • Intimidation • Provocation • Chaos • Attrition

8. Sources Chaliand, Gerard, & Blin, Arnaud, EdsThe History of Terrorism, from Antiquity to Al Qaeda Berkley; University of California Press 2007 Specifically much of this was from Chapter 2 -Merari, Ariel Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency Page 20 Table 2, and 26 Table 3