Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

1. DELOS Conference (Pisa, Italy –14 Feb 2007)Digital Libraries:From Proposals to Projectsto Systems to Theoryto CurriculaEdward A. Fox Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

2. Outline • Acknowledgments • Introduction • Proposals • Projects • Systems • Theory • Curricula • Examples • Summary • Discussion

3. Acknowledgements • Students • Faculty, Staff • Collaborators • Support • Mentors

4. Acknowledgements: Students • Pavel Calado, Yuxin Chen, Fernando Das Neves, Shahrooz Feizabadi, Robert France, Marcos Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Nithiwat Kampanya, Rohit Kelapure, S.H. Kim, Neill Kipp, Aaron Krowne, Bing Liu, Ming Luo, Paul Mather, Uma Murthy, Sanghee Oh, Ananth Raghavan, Unni. Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen, Ohm Sornil, Hussein Suleman, Ricardo da Silva Torres, Srinivas Vemuri, Wensi Xi, Seungwon Yang, Baoping Zhang, Qinwei Zhu, …

5. Acknowledgements: Faculty, Staff • Lillian Cassel, Lois Delcambre, Debra Dudley, Roger Ehrich, Joanne Eustis, Weiguo Fan, James Flanagan, C. Lee Giles, Sandy Grant, Eric Hallerman, Eberhard Hilf, John Impagliazzo, Filip Jagodzinski, Douglas Knight, Deborah Knox, Alberto Laender, David Maier, Gail McMillan, Claudia Medeiros, Manuel Perez-Quinones, Jeff Pomerantz, Naren Ramakrishnan, Layne Watson, Barbara Wildemuth, …

6. Other Collaborators (Selected) • Brazil: FUA, UFMG, UNICAMP • Case Western Reserve University • Emory, Notre Dame, Oregon State • Germany: Univ. Oldenburg • Mexico: UDLA (Puebla), Monterrey • College of NJ, Hofstra, Penn State, Villanova • Portland State University • University of Arizona, University of Florida, Univ. of Illinois, University of Virginia • VTLS (slides on digital repositories, NDLTD)

7. Acknowledgements: Support ACM, Adobe, AOL, CAPES, CNI, CONACyT, DFG, IBM, IMLS, Microsoft, NASA, NDLTD, NLM, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227, 0307867, 0325579, 0532825, 0535057, 0535060; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0121741, 0136690, 0333531, 0333601, 0435059), OCLC, SOLINET, SUN, SURA, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS, …

8. Acknowledgements - Mentors • JCR Licklider – undergrad advisor (1969-71) • Author in 1965 of “Libraries of the Future” • Before, at ARPA, funded start of Internet • Michael Kessler – BS thesis advisor • Project TIP (technical information project) • Defined bibliographic coupling • Gerard Salton – graduate advisor (1978-83) • “Father of Information Retrieval” • Application of Scientific Methods toward Integration of Theory, Systems, Experiments, and Education

9. Libraries of the FutureJCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press World Nation State City Community

10. Introduction – Mentor Challenges • Scientific method • “Leonardo da Vinci: The first scientist” • Theory-based -> integration • Across computing disciplines • Over content, representations, services • Experimentally proven • Evaluation: formative, summative • Practically useful and beneficial • Make the world better (smaller) • Task support, effectiveness, efficiency

11. Digital Libraries --- Objectives • World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop • Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: Table of related areas and their coverage • Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost • Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery • Disintermediation -> Collaboration • Universities Reclaim Property • Interactive Courseware, Student Works • Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful

12. Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from Author Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reader

13. DLs Shorten the Chain to Roles Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian

14. Introduction – 1991 Workshop • ACM SIGIR ’91 (Chicago) • Workshop on Future Directions in IR • Report planning with • Michael McGill • Michael Lesk • How can we accomplish something? • Address society’s needs • What if all undergrads had info. access? • Funding lobbying leading to: DLI, NSDL

16. Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and Communications Technology Space Digital Libraries technology trajectory: intellectual access to globally distributed information Communications (bandwidth, connectivity) Computing (flops) Digital content Note: we should consider 4 dimensions: computing, communications, content, and community (people) less more

17. Challenges, Apps, Projects • US-Korea Collaboration on DLs Workshop • Reagan Moore and Ed Fox report • Chart Headings: • Application Domain • Related Institutions • Examples • Technical Challenges • Benefit/Impact

18. Reagan Moore Ed Fox June 2002 for NSF

19. 5S Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams 3C Content Context Criticism, commentary Introduction – Alliteration

20. 5S Societies Users Collaboration, Web 2.0 Scenarios Workflow, Stories Services, Components Spaces: GIS Structures: DBMS Streams: DSMS 3C Content Content Management Systems Context Link Structure NLP Mental models Criticism, commentary Annotation, Talmud Cataloging, indexing Abstracting Summarizing Secondary literature Introduction – Alliteration

21. Introduction – Time to: • Treat DL as a serious field • Achieve balance • Research & Development • Systems & Services • Practice, Continuous Quality Improvement • Use, Benefit • Train digital librarians • Achieve sustainability

22. Proposals Projects Systems Theory Curricula Vision Objectives Generality Abstraction, conceptualization Education Structure Pedagogy Introduction - Approach

23. Introduction - Proposals • Early visions • Providing rationale for funding, programs • USA • Europe • India, China, New Zealand, Australia, … • Sustainability, follow-on • Technology transfer • Stanford DLI-1 -> Google

24. Introduction - Projects • Body of information • Media type (maps, video, speech, photos) • Representation (DC, METS, FRBR) • Architecture (SOA) • Interoperability (OAI) • Archiving and Preservation (UVC) • Devices (SenseCam, PIM) • Links with other fields

25. Introduction – Projects -2 • Body of information • Person’s works (Cervantes) • Content by organization • Library (Library of Congress) • Publisher (ACM) • Million books project • Google consortium • Content by discipline (Physics, CS, Archaeology) • Content by genre (ETDs) • Content by target audience (TEL, Learners)

26. referenced items & collections referenced items & collections Special Databases Portals & Clients Portals & Clients Portals & Clients NSDL Services NSDL Services Other NSDL Services NSDL Collections NSDL Collections NSDL Collections Core Services: information retrieval CI Services browsing CI Services authentication Core Services: metadata gathering CI Services personalization Core Collection- Building Services protocols CI Services discussion Core Collection- Building Services harvesting CI Services annotation NSDL Information ArchitectureEssentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup User Interfaces CoreNSDL “Bus” Usage Enhancement Collection Building

28. Introduction – Projects - 5 • Links with other fields • Art, sculpture, music, speech • Medicine: images, datasets, genomics • Law, government • Statutes, regulations • Citations, commentaries • Supercomputers, Grid • HCI, Cognitive Psychology • IR, HT, MM

29. * Core components

30. Introduction - Systems • IBM DL -> content management system • MARIAN, ODL, WS-ODL • Greenstone • DSpace • Fedora • DELOS • DLMS • ISIS & OSIRIS

31. Introduction - Theory • Definitions: Key ideas, concepts • Taxonomy: Groups, clusters • Abstraction/generalization: Components • Models, metamodels • Proofs: relationships, improvements • Uses, benefits • Interoperability (map, wrap, mediate, harvest) • User interface: Explore: browse/search/visualize • Automation (lex/yacc -> 5SGraph, 5SGen)

32. Introduction - Curricula • Audience • LIKES, LIS, CS • Developer, implementer, systems librarian • D. Librarian (reference, coll. development) • Core • Tracks • Libraries: public, school/univ., corporation • Cultural heritage • Science (research, education) • Persons (PIM)

33. Living In the KnowlEdge Society (LIKES): Core surrounded by enabling computing concepts and problem providing disciplines

34. DL Curricula • “Curriculum Development for Digital Libraries” – NSF grant to VT, UNC-CH • Studied body of literature • Modules: core, related • Invite collaboration worldwide

35. Digital Librarian:Needed Skills and Knowledge • Choi, Y., & Rasmussen, E. (2006) • What is needed to educate future digital librarians: A study of current practice and staffing patterns in academic and research libraries. • D-Lib Magazine, 12(9) • doi:10.1045/september2006-choi.

36. D.Librarian Skills & Knowledge:Technology Related • DL architecture and software • Technical and quality standards • Web markup languages • Database development and DBMS • Web design skills

37. D.Librarian Skills & Knowledge:Library Related • The needs of users • Digital archiving and preservation • Cataloging, metadata • Indexing • Collection development

38. D.Librarian Skills & Knowledge:Other • Communication and interpersonal skills • Project management and leadership skills • Legal issues • Grant/proposal writing skills • Teaching and group presentation skills

39. Development & Evaluation Process

40. Curriculum framework

41. Modules • Collection Development • Digital objects / Composites / Packages • Metadata, Cataloging, Author submission • Architecture, Interoperability • Data visualization • Services • Intellectual property rights management, Privacy, Protection • Social issues / Future of DLs • Archiving and Preservation

42. Conference papers x modules

43. Taxonomy of DL Educational Resources