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Managing Creativity and Innovation

Managing Creativity and Innovation. William Y. Jiang, Ph.D. Professor and Department Chair of Organization and Management San José State University Tel: 408-924-3551 Email: william.jiang@sjsu.edu. Objectives. Describe the creative process

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Managing Creativity and Innovation

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  1. Managing Creativity and Innovation William Y. Jiang, Ph.D. Professor and Department Chair of Organization and Management San José State University Tel: 408-924-3551 Email: william.jiang@sjsu.edu

  2. Objectives • Describe the creative process • Explain the personality traits of creative people • Explain how the four cognitive creativity skills are promoted by creativity techniques. • List the five categories of characteristics that distinguish creative people from noncreative people • Explain the organizational conditions that hinder and promote creativity

  3. Innovation - Defined Innovation is the implementation of new ideas at the individual, group or organizational level

  4. Creativity - Defined Creativity is the development of ideas about products, practices, services, or procedures that are novel and potentially useful to the organization Eureka!

  5. What Does It Take to Be Creative? • Time • Hard work • Mental energy

  6. The Creative Person How are they different? • Personality Traits • Cognitive Creativity Skills • Domain-specific Knowledge • Intrinsic Motivation

  7. Characteristics of Creative People

  8. Personality Traits of Creative People • Persistence • Self-confidence • Independence • Attraction to complexity • Tolerance of ambiguity • Intuitiveness

  9. …Personality Traits of Creative People • Have broad interests • Are energetic • Drive to achieve • Love their work • Take risks

  10. Cognitive Creativity Skills • Think creatively • Generate alternatives • Engage in divergent thinking • Suspend judgment

  11. Domain-Specific Knowledge Develops Via Education Training Experience Contextual Knowledge

  12. Focus on intrinsic motivation Creativity goals Developmental feedback Supportive supervision Healthy competition Participative decision making Autonomy Hire creative people Enriched, complex jobs Provide resources Clear organizational goals Instructions to be creative Recognize and reward creativity Encourage risk taking No punishment for failure Creativity Enhancers

  13. Workforce diversity Internal and external interaction Diverse teams skilled at working together Supportive climate Organizational culture the promotes innovation Flexible, flat structures Close interaction and relationships with customers …Creativity Enhancers

  14. How Can OrganizationsFoster Creativity? Hire creative & diverse workforce Provide resources esp. time Design complex & challenging jobs Set clear org. goals “Be Creative!” Set creativity goals Use diverse teams Recognize & reward creativity Create the right org. culture

  15. Management Style and Creativity • Encourage risk taking • Provide autonomy • Encourage productivity - “sweat equity” • Supportive supervision, climate, and work group • Participative leadership

  16. Organization Design and Creativity Flexible Flat Structures That promote Internal & External Interaction Close Contact w/ Customers

  17. Creativity Killers • Excessive focus on extrinsic motivation • Limits set by superiors • Critical evaluation • Close, controlling supervision • Competition in a win-lose situation • Control of decision making • Control of information

  18. Stages in the Creative Process Preparation Verification Incubation Illumination

  19. Flow - Defined Flow (autotelic experience) occurs when people experience a state of effortless concentration and enjoyment

  20. Creative Thinking Techniques • Brainstorming Rules • Expressiveness - Say whatever ideas come to mind without focusing on constraints • Non-evaluation - No criticism allowed; all are valuable • Quantity - Produce as many ideas as possible • Building - Expand on other people’s ideas

  21. … Creative Thinking Techniques • Brainwriting • Hybrid of both individual and group brainstorming • Produces more ideas than brainstorming

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