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module 2 neuroprotection in parkinson s disease: are we getting close

Parkinson's Disease: Introduction. Progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor and nonmotor dysfunctionCharacterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta1Can affect other areas of the nervous system including the autonomic2 and enteric nervous systems3-6Second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease7Affects 1 to 1.5 million people in the United States alone8-10.

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module 2 neuroprotection in parkinson s disease: are we getting close

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    1. Module 2 Neuroprotection in Parkinsons Disease: Are We Getting Close?

    2. Parkinsons Disease:Introduction Progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor and nonmotor dysfunction Characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta1 Can affect other areas of the nervous system including the autonomic2 and enteric nervous systems3-6 Second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimers disease7 Affects 1 to 1.5 million people in the United States alone8-10

    3. Braak Model for Pathologic Staging of Parkinsons Disease Based on Lewy body localization1 Suggests that Lewy body pathology does not begin in substantia nigra1,2 Begins in dorsal motor nucleus of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, anterior olfactory nucleus, and enteric nerve cell plexus1,2 Proceeds in rostral direction toward neocortex1 Progression of Parkinsons Disease may not always comply with this model5-9

    4. Symptoms of Parkinsons Disease1-5

    5. Current Therapies for Parkinsons Disease

    6. Potential Premotor Biomarkers for Parkinsons Disease (PD)

    7. Imaging Biomarkers for Parkinsons Disease (PD)

    8. Neuroprotective Therapy: Definition

    9. Potential Mechanisms of Neuroprotection1-3

    10. Clinical Trial Strategies for Evaluation of Neuroprotection

    11. Clinical Trials Investigating Potential Neuroprotective Therapies for PD

    12. Delayed-Start Rasagiline Results in Smaller UPDRS Score Changes

    13. Summary Because PD is a progressive disorder, early diagnosis and treatment intervention with neuroprotective therapies to slow or prevent further degeneration and to promote neuronal repair are current goals in the management of PD The development and validation of diagnostic markers in symptom recognition and neuroimaging will aid in early diagnosis of PD Advances in neuroimaging and development of quantitative diagnostic biomarkers will also improve evaluation of potential neuroprotective therapies

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