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The Golden Gate Bridge

The Golden Gate Bridge. Presented by: The Third Row Six Presenters: Brett Portner-Kuhlow Scott Tumm. Important Dates. 1920: A feasibility Study recommends construction of the Golden Gate Bridge

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The Golden Gate Bridge

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  1. The Golden Gate Bridge Presented by: The Third Row Six Presenters: Brett Portner-Kuhlow Scott Tumm

  2. Important Dates • 1920: A feasibility Study recommends construction of the Golden Gate Bridge • 1923: The State Legislature Passes the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District Act of California into Law • 1930: Joseph Strauss, Chief Engineer submits his final plans for the bridge • January 5, 1933: Construction of the bridge begins

  3. February 1933: Anchorages are completed • June 1935: The towers are completed • March 1936: The suspension cables are completed • April 1937: The deck surface is completed

  4. Official Pedestrian Day: • May 27, 1937 • Bridge opens for traffic: • May 28, 1937

  5. Spanning the Golden Gate • The entrance to San Francisco Bay was named the ‘Golden Gate’ by early settlers • One mile wide gap • 60 Mph wind tunnel like gusts of wind for much of the year • 2.5 Million cubic feet of water per second pass through the Golden Gate • Currents • Earthquakes

  6. Project Management Before the Manhattan Project James Reed General Manager Joseph Strauss Chief Engineer

  7. Joseph Strauss: Chief Engineer

  8. Strauss the Man • Rude • Short-tempered • Arrogant • Labeled ‘brilliant bully’ by his peers -Strauss thought big. His graduate thesis proposed a 50 mile long bridge across the Bering Strait that would connect Siberia and Alaska.

  9. Scope Build a bridge spanning the Golden Gate -Must be tall enough for ships to pass underneath

  10. Time There was no real set timetable; managers ensured the project progressed as quickly as possible.

  11. Cost $73,000,000

  12. Financial Facts • $35 million in bonds • $38 million in interest • Bridge completely paid off on June 30, 1971 • Bridge completely paid for by tolls • No state or federal money went into the bridge • Bank of America extended a $5 million line of credit to the bridge project • People put up their homes, farms and businesses as collateral for the bridge to generate the $35 million in bond issue • Presently, bridge still operates only with money collected from tolls

  13. To Build a Bridge • Strauss spent three years researching his first design • He assembled a team of engineers to create the final design • Strauss expected that three dozen workers would die during the construction, about one for every one million dollars spent on the construction • 11 deaths occurred

  14. Black Wednesday: February 17, 1937 A scaffold slipped off the bridge and through the protective netting below, taking ten men to their deaths.

  15. Safety Under Strauss • 1st Mandatory use of hard hats • Issuing of safety belts and tie off lines • Dizzy riveters: respirators for burning paint fumes • Riveters and ironworkers required to wear leather gloves • Sun goggles, sun-block lotion • Field hospital at south end staffed full time; treated 12,000 injuries by December, 1935. • No deaths for the first 3 years and 8 months of project

  16. The Net $120,000 Safety net suspended 60 feet below the road surface: nineteen men saved

  17. The ‘Halfway to Hell’ Club • Nineteen official members, some jumped for fun • Named by tabloids looking for a story • First official member hit the ground as well, broke four vertebrae

  18. Unexpected Delays and Challenges • Temporary trestle knocked over twice • The ten day San Francisco Strike • Fort Point

  19. Fort Point • Located directly under south end of bridge • Historians and the community in general protested to preserve the fort

  20. Records held by the Bridge (in 1937) • Longest bridge • Tallest free standing structure in the world (over 740 feet)

  21. Golden Gate Fun Facts • Riveting crew held unofficial speed contests; they sometimes threw red-hot rivets distances of 70 feet or more • 80,000 miles of pencil diameter steel cable in bridge • Steel for the bridge was made in Pennsylvania and ‘shipped’ to California via the Panama Canal • $75,000 paid in tolls each day • A gold rivet was hammered into place to celebrate the completion of the bridge • ‘International Orange’ • Blind woman and guide dog the first pedestrians ever to cross the bridge • 1.25 billion cars have crossed bridge since ’37 • Bridge ‘Firsts’ First person to cross on stilts First person to cross sticking tongue out all the way First wooden hat to cross the bridge • Each anchorage weighs as much as 17,000 elephants

  22. References • Barter, James. The Golden Gate Bridge. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2001. • The Golden Gate Bridge. Narr. Jack Perkins. Videocassette. A&E Home Video, 1994. • Strauss, Joseph. The Golden Gate Bridge. San Francisco: Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, 1938. • Van Der Zee, John. The Gate: The True Story of the Design and Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986. • www.inetours.com/Pages/SFNbrhds/Golden_Gate_Bridge.html • www.goldengatebridge.org

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