Unit Nine

1. Unit Nine Text A Stop Brain Drain

2. Topic Discussion • What do you think of "Brain Drain"?

3. 人才外流 给予优厚待遇 非移民签证 印度的精英们 家庭手工业 brain drain give preferential treatment non-immigrant visa the cream of India cottage industry Words and Phrases

4. 刮刮叫 食宿 负担费用 怀着…希望 像…所说的那样 thumbs up room and board foot the bill in the hope of NP/that-cl as sb put it

5. 给…留下空间 在接下来的20年中 归...付费, 在损害... 的情况下 硅谷 报效自己的祖国 leave room for over the next two decades at the expense of Silicon Valley serve one’s native land

6. 变速, 改变方 书展 说得通 在因特网上冲浪 发财 中型城市 shift gears book show hold water ride on the wave of the internet make fortunes mid-sized city

7. Sentences • 该国的优秀人才都流失了。 • The country has been drained of its best men. • 瑞士有四个邻国，即法国、德国、奥地利和意大利。 • Switzerland is surrounded by four neighbors, namely, France, Germany, Austria and Italy.

8. 那位评论家对这部新影片赞不绝口。 • The critic gave the new movie two thumbs up. • 我是抱着她在家的希望打电话的。 • I called in the hope that she was at home.

9. 他成了一名才华横溢的学者，但牺牲了健康。 • He became a brilliant scholar but only at the expense of his health. • 新的住宅和办公楼群正在全市各处雨后春笋般地迅速增加。 • New blocks of flats and offices are mushrooming all over the city.

10. 我们必须确保跟上计算机技术的新发展。 • We must make sure that we keep pace with new developments in computer technology. • 那倒是绝妙的解释，但经不起推敲。 • It's a very good explanation, but it won't hold water.

11. brain drain brain fever brain trust brainchild n. 人才外流 n. 脑膜炎 n. 智囊团；专家小组 n. 脑力劳动的产物 brain (title)

12. brainpower brainstorm brainwash brainwave brainwork n. 智力；脑力 v.群策群力 n.灵机一动 n. & v. 洗脑；把思想强加于 n. 灵感；妙主意 n. 脑力工作

13. drain n. (title) • 1) [C] 排水管；排水道 • 大雨之后，下水道里的水溢了出来。 • The drains _____after the heavy rain. • overflowed • Don't pour those tea leaves down the drain - you'll block the sink. • 2) a gradual outflow or loss流出；消耗 • the drain of young talent by emigration.

14. drain (L65) • v. 1) [+away/+off/+out] （使液体）渐渐地排出 • Boil the vegetables for 20 minutes then drain off the water.把水滤干 • The rainwater drained off/away. 流掉

15. 2) [+off/of] to (cause to) become gradually dry, as water or other liquid is removed 排去…的水 • After I washed the plates, I left them to drain. 滴干 • She was so afraid/angry that her face was drained of blood. 她吓得脸上没有一点血色。

16. preferential/ preferable (L1) • preferable: [+to] better, esp. because more suitable; that one should or would prefer 更可取的, 更好的 • A dark suit is preferable to a light one for evening wear. • Anything is preferable to having her stay for the whole week!

17. preferential: of, giving, receiving, or showing preference优先的；优待的；特惠的 • The theatre gives preferential booking privileges to its regular patrons. • a controversial new law that gives preferential treatment to certain minority groups

18. Translation • 我认为咖啡比茶更好。 • Coffee is preferable to tea, I think.

19. namely (L4) • adv (and) that is (to say) 即，就是，换句话说 • Only one person can do the job, namely you. • There is one more topic to discuss, namely the question of your salary.

20. namely/that is to say (i.e.) • Both terms can be used when you want to make clearer the meaning of something already said, but namely is the usual term before an expression which is more specific than what has already been said: • We visited two ancient cities, namely Nimes and Arles.

21. Before an expression which is less specific than what has already been said you can use only i.e. • We visited Nimes and Arles, i.e. two ancient cities.

22. Use i.e. before an explanation which forms a complete sentence: • Arabic is written in the opposite direction to English, i.e. it is written from right to left.

23. namely (L4) namely • 1. She has only one son, __________ , Harry. • 2. He was found innocent in the court, ____________ , the court could not convict him legally. that is to say

24. on top (L8) • Labor is on top in it’s contract discussions with management. • 在与姿方的劳务合同谈判中,劳方占有利地位。

25. provision (L8) • 供应；补给物 • Provisions are plentiful. • 粮食充足。准备；预备 • to make provision for the future • 准备日后之需

26. 规定；条款 • 这个规定使我们对这个问题有了发言权。 • This provision ensures to / for us a _______ in the subject. • voice • Both sides have to act according to the provisions of the agreement. • 双方都应按照协议条款办事。

27. give preference to • 给……优先权 • 我们将给儿童和老人优先权。 • We’ll give preference to children and the aged.

28. slogan (L13) • n a short phrase expressing a usu. political or advertising message 口号, 标语 • “Small is beautiful” was his slogan. • demonstrators chanting(歌颂） anti-nuclear slogans

29. the scream of India (L13) • cream: n. 比喻： the best part (of) • 今年的文学精品 • the cream of this year’s literature • 参加婚礼的有纽约社交界的精英。 • The wedding was attended by the cream of New York society. • the cream of the joke 笑话的妙处

30. capitalism Communism confucianism colonialism consumerism 资本主义 共产主义 孔子学说， 儒教 殖民主义 用户至上主义 -ism →论, 说, 主义 (L16)

31. egoism fascism fatalism feminism heroism 自我主义, 利己主义 法西斯主义, 宿命论 女权运动 英雄主义

32. humanism idealism imperialism Maoism Marxism 人道主义 理想主义, 唯心论 帝国主义 毛泽东主义 马克思主义

33. materialism patriotism racism realism socialism Taoism 唯物主义 爱国主义, 爱国精神 种族主义,种族歧视 现实主义 社会主义 道教, 道家的学说

34. throw out (L18) • 1. get rid of, throw away as trash/rubbish • You really should throw out that dirty old table and get a new one. • 2. refuse to accept, reject • 委员会拒绝了我的建议。 • The committee threw out my suggestion.

35. all thumbs count one's thumbs stick out like a sore thumb thumb a lift 笨拙的 消磨时间 惹人注目；碍手碍脚 要求搭车 idiom: thumbs(L18)

36. thumb (one’s) nose Thumbs down! Thumbs up! under (one's) thumb 作蔑视的手势 差劲儿; 不中用! 刮刮叫, 别灰心! 受人支配; 受人压制

37. thumbs up: a sign of approval, support or victory • thumbs down: a sign of disapproval • 他们赞成/反对我们的计划。 • They’ve given our plan the thumbs up/down.

38. thumb V. • 1. get a free ride by raising the thumb as a signal • 我们免费搭车去伦敦度周末。 • We thumbed a lift to London for the weekend.

39. 2. thumb through: look or search through quickly • 办事员翻遍了案卷，寻找一封信件。 • The clerk thumbed through the files looking for a letter.

40. prime (L21) • 1. main, greatest, the most important • 我们经济衰退的一个主要原因是愿意投资新企业的人太少。 • A prime reason for our ________ is lack of people willing to put money into new businesses. • economic decline/recession

41. 2. of the very best quality or kind • 一块新鲜的最上等牛肉 • a fresh piece of prime beef • 一个最好的例证 • a prime example • 黄金时间 • prime time

42. board (L25) • board n. meals • I pay 30 pounds a week for board and lodging./ or bed and board

43. foot the bill (L25) • infml. Pay the bill • 这次婚礼的钱是他父母出的。 • His parents footed the bill for the wedding.

44. parallel (L31) • n. a likeness • 警察看出了这两个谋杀案之间的相似之处。 • The police officer saw a parallel between the two murder cases. • 2. 平行的, similar • 我在这件事上的感受和你很相似。 • My feelings in this matter are parallel to yours.

45. v. be similar to • 小溪沿着路流淌了几英里。 • The stream parallels the road for several miles. • The histories of the two countries closely parallel each other.

46. pledge (L34) • n [C] [+to-v/+that] (esp. in newspapers) a solemn promise or agreement 誓言；誓约 • They made a firm pledge to support us. • The government has given a pledge that it will halt the bombing.

47. vt. [+to-v/+that] (esp. in newspapers) to make a solemn promise of 保证 • They have pledged their support for our case. • The government pledged to re-house the refugees. • They have pledged that any details given to them will remain confidential

48. outcome (L36) • outcome强调某一行动或过程特有的最终结果 • result强调事物间的因果关系 • His illness is a result of bad food. • effect 比 result更强调事物间的因果关系 • The farmers felt the effect of the drought for years.

49. consequence往往指坏的、不良的结果 • If you break the laws, you must take the consequence.

50. mushroom (L39) • vi. 1 to grow and develop fast 迅速生长, 迅速增加 • New housing estates have mushroomed on the edge of the town. • 2 [+adv/prep] to form and spread in the shape of a mushroom 呈蘑菇状扩散 • The smoke mushroomed into the sky.