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Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin

Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin A Presentation Developed by Wisconsin Sea Grant Advisory Services October 2006 Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin Wisconsin has become host to several aquatic species that never existed here naturally Some Atlantic Ocean species came in through the Welland Canal:

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Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin

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  1. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin A Presentation Developed by Wisconsin Sea Grant Advisory Services October 2006

  2. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Wisconsin has become host to several aquatic species that never existed here naturally • Some Atlantic Ocean species came in through the Welland Canal: • Lampreys, 1930’s • Alewife, 1949 • White perch, 1989 • Three-spine stickleback 1991

  3. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Some were intentionally introduced: • Chinook and Coho salmon 1963 • Rainbow trout 1963 • Brown trout 1960’s • Carp in 1880’s

  4. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Some escaped from lakes, ponds or as bait: • Smelt • Goldfish • Grass Carp • Rusty Crayfish • Purple Loosestrife

  5. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Some recent invaders came in the ballast water of sea-going ships: • Ruffe in 1986 • Zebra Mussels in 1988 • Spiny water flea in 1990 • Round goby in 1995

  6. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Invasive species traits: • High reproductive rate • Mature quickly • Eat various types of food • Tolerate poor water quality • Easily adapt to new habitats

  7. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • Native species traits: • Have narrow food preferences • Require certain spawning habitat • Intolerant of poor water quality

  8. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • A Quick look at six recent invaders: • Zebra mussels • Round goby • Ruffe • Purple loosestrife • Eurasian milfoil • Spiny water fleas

  9. Zebra Mussel Max. size ~ 2’’ * Introduced via ballast water from Europe * First found in Lake St. Claire (MI) in 1988 * Eats plankton, filters up to 1 liter of water per day * Produce 40,000 eggs/year * Densities up to 700,000 per sq. meter = 43,000 on a piece of notebook paper * Spread easily via planktonic larvae and adults stuck on weeds and boats

  10. Veliger Post Veliger Egg 3-5 Days Microscopic Can be felt Can be seen Adult Juvenile 4-5 Years Byssal Threads Zebra Mussel Life Cycle Planktonic up to 1 month Settle and attach to substrate Wisconsin Sea Grant Advisory Services

  11. Zebra Mussels Colonize Lots of Things

  12. Zebra mussels get moved to new lakes by water in and weeds on boats.

  13. Zebra Mussels 2008 (26 counties, 101 lakes)

  14. ? Wisconsin Lakes With Zebra Mussels 82 Why the big jump in 2006? Better monitoring and additional infestations

  15. Ruffe 3-4’’ Long Max. 10’’ S. Zienert First found in 1986 in Lake Superior Introduced via ballast water from Southern Europe Affects perch, whitefish and minnows Eats fish eggs, bottom-dwelling insects and worms Now Present in Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan

  16. Round Goby 3-4’’ Long Max. 10’’ Introduced via ballast water from Europe Affects sculpins and other bottom-dwelling species Eats fish eggs, bottom-dwelling insects and worms Present in all the Great Lakes, Chicago River

  17. Purple Loosestrife 4-Sided Stem 2 Million Seeds per Year Displaces Native Vegetation Destroys Habitat • Controlled by: Physical Removal Beetles

  18. Galerucella beetles: biocontrol for purple loosestrife

  19. Purple Loosestrife

  20. Eurasian Watermilfoil • - Displaces native vegetation- Clogs boating and swimming areas- Spread by boaters through fragmentation • Control:Northern milfoil beetleChemical

  21. Eurasian milfoil compared to Northern milfoil

  22. Eurasian Milfoil Present in:62 counties > 475 waters

  23. Rusty Crayfish • Native to southern U.S. • Introduced with bait • Aggressive • Destroys vegetation as they feed • Displaces native crayfish • Present in many Wisconsin lakes • Often spread as bait

  24. Rusty Crayfish Documented Suspected

  25. Spiny Water Flea - ‘BC’ & ‘CP’ Bythotrephescederstroemi & Cercopagis pengoi 5mm Long Max. 1/3’’ Long spines make them hard for fish to eat Foul fishing lines and nets (look fuzzy or gooey) Introduced via ballast water from Europe Present in all the Great Lakes and Gile Flowage in WI

  26. Preventing The Spread Drain bilge water Dispose of live bait Clean off weeds

  27. Call: Wisconsin DNR or Wisconsin Sea Grant If You Catch An Aquatic Exotic KEEP It: Put it in a plastic bag or foil FREEZE It: Put it in a freezer or ice chest REPORT It:

  28. Aquatic Exotics In Wisconsin • How Can You Help? • Learn To Identify Them • Report If You Catch One • Know Their Effects on the Ecosystem • Prevent Their Spread • Teach Others

  29. For More Information • Visit the Sea Grant Nonindigenous Species Sites: • www.sgnis.org • www.seagrant.wisc.edu • Or Call: • Wisconsin Sea Grant • (920) 683-4697 • Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources • (608) 266-9270

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