Cathedrals

1. Cathedrals Romanesque Gothic

2. Floor plan of Canterbury, pre 1350

4. Floor plan of Ely

5. Salisbury

6. Mount Saint Michael

7. Romanesque • AD 1066-1190 • Inspired by Roman architecture • Massive and solid construction • Semi-circular arches • Church shaped like a cross • Zig-zag mouldings • Apsidal east end constructions • Durham Cathedral nave, choir and transepts • Norwich Cathedral nave and central tower

8. Romanesque style of design is attributed to those churches built by the Normans shortly after their Conquest of Britainin 1066 until the end of the twelfth century. By the end of William the Conqueror's reign in 1087, many of the major churches and cathedrals had been rebuilt or were being rebuilt. The influence of the style came from the continent. The influence for the design came from Roman architecture. The church built in this style looks very solidly constructed, having massive pillars and thick round arches. Tewkesbury Abbey

9. Romanesque

10. Romanesque Germany

11. Romanesque

12. Romanesque

14. Romanesque

15. Stave church Norway, Romanesque

22. Romanesque

23. Romanesque

24. apse: A vaulted extension or projection, usually from a choir or chapel and generally circular or polygonal in shape.

25. Apse

26. Nave The main body of a church from the west end to the choir. The nave could be divided north and south by screens.

27. Romanesque Nave

28. Abby church Cluny

29. Mont Saint Michael

30. Traditional or Early English Gothic • AD 1190-1300 • Pointed arches • Clusters of small columns to form pillars • Favorite style for Cistercian Abbeys • Roche Abbey • Wells Cathedral • Salisbury Cathedral

31. The round arches of the earlier designs gave way to the pointed arch in the nave, the windows and the doorways. The new Gothic style is attributed to the area surrounding Paris in France. The abbey church of St. Denis was the first example of the new style and was the creation of Abbot Suger. The pointed arch not only looks better than a round arch, but it is a much stronger construction distributing stress more efficiently. The walls of the church became much thinner and the windows much bigger allowing more light to enter. During the thirteenth century this style of design developed into what is known as the Geometric style. In this style, the windows became larger with the increased use of mullions, and the decorations became more complex and geometric in design.

32. Decorated Gothic • AD 1250-1350 • Elaborate windows and vaulting • Higher and more elegant columns • Exeter Cathedral • The Octagon at Ely • In the decorated designs, the windows are subdivided by vertical stone bars known as mullions. The mullions are spaced close together usually rising the whole height of the window up to the springing line. The springing line of a window or arch is the line at which the arch shape starts from. The area above the springing line of the window is full of complex shapes of stone called tracery. With higher walls and larger windows, the cathedrals were now becoming more open to the light. The majority of Exeter Cathedral is built in this style.

33. This style is also known as Rectiliner. The need for larger areas of stained glass windows required larger rectangular areas between the stone sections of the windows. The vaulting became a lot more complex. A goodexample being the cloisters at Gloucester cathedral. • Perpendicular Gothic • AD 1350-1550 • Fan-vaults • Emphasis on vertical lines Gloucester Cloisters

34. Notre Dame Notre

35. Flying buttress

36. Notre Dame

37. Flying Buttresses

38. Notre Dame

39. Durham

40. Bath

41. Canterbury Canterbury

42. Canterbury

43. Ely

44. Ely

45. Salisbury

46. Ely

50. Mount Saint Michael