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Masao FUKUSHIMA

Development of DSSS (Driving Safety Support Systems) Masao FUKUSHIMA Engineering Director IT & ITS Engineering Department, NISSAN MOTOR CO.,LTD masao-f@mail.nissan.co.jp -- Contents -- What is DSSS? Activity for DSSS Level II Joint Test Evaluation of Effectiveness Actualization

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Masao FUKUSHIMA

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  1. Development of DSSS (Driving Safety Support Systems) Masao FUKUSHIMA Engineering Director IT & ITS Engineering Department, NISSAN MOTOR CO.,LTD masao-f@mail.nissan.co.jp

  2. -- Contents -- • What is DSSS? • Activity for DSSS Level II • Joint Test • Evaluation of Effectiveness • Actualization • Summary

  3. 1. What is DSSS?

  4. Cooperative ITS in Japan DSSS (V-I ordinary road) SmartWay (V-I highway) ASV (V-V) IR-Beacon DSRC Radio

  5. UTMS (Universal Traffic Management Society of Japan) - Established in 1996 as a corporate juridical person - Develops traffic management systems using IR Beacon cooperating with National Police Agency Driving Safety Support Systems

  6. DSSS Level II System Configuration Road Shape Traffic Sign Traffic Signal Road-side Sensor Create Down-Link Data Road-side Unit IR Beacon Infrastructure to vehicle communication On-Board Unit Data filtering and timing decision Alert by display, voice, sound...

  7. 2.Activity for DSSS Level II

  8. Activity for DSSS Level II Field Operational Test (FOT) is in operation in 5 regions • System development • Evaluation of the effectiveness Tochigi DSSS Nov 2007-- • Common specification • Service • Data communication • HMI concept • Common evaluation method Tokyo DSSS Nov 2009-- Kanagawa DSSS Oct 2006-- Aichi DSSS Nov 2006-- Hiroshima DSSS Jan 2008--

  9. Activity for DSSS Level II Field Operational Test (FOT) is in operation in 5 regions • System development • Evaluation of the effectiveness HONDA 30 Nov 2007-- • Common specification • Service • Data communication • HMI concept • Common evaluation method Tokyo DSSS Nov 2009-- NISSAN 2,000 Oct 2006-- TOYOTA 200 Nov 2006-- MAZDA 50 Jan 2008--

  10. DSSS Level IIHMI concept System said “GO”. OK Let’s go Define the HMI concept: oncoming car • Easy-to-understand system condition • Easy-to-understand support target • Easy-to-understand meaning of info. • Easy-to-understand urgent level • Avoid driver’s over-trust and distrust • System failure tolerance • System performance tolerance • Avoid miscommunication • Information which leads the driver’s misunderstanding • Conflict information with traffic signal GO! NOW!! Bad case: Right-Turn scene

  11. 3. JointTest

  12. Joint Test in Tokyo Conduct a joint test by gathering the local DSSS results and involving automotive manufacturers. Crossing collision prevention Stop sign recognition enhancement Right-turn collision prevention Crossing pedestrian recognition enhancement Rear-end collision prevention Signal recognition enhancement Signal recognition enhancement Rear-end collision prevention Right-turn collision prevention Left-turn collision prevention Rear-end collision prevention Crossing collision prevention Stop sign recognition enhancement Crossing bicycle collision prevention Stop sign recognition enhancement Right-turn collision prevention Map data@2008 ZENRIN Z08LC No. 036

  13. Joint Test in Tokyo 3 1 4 2 Rear-end collision prevention Signal recognition enhancement Stop sign recognition enhancement Crossing collision prevention 5 8 7 6 Left-turn collision prevention Crossing pedestrian recognition enhancement Right-turn collision prevention Crossing bicycle collision prevention

  14. 4.Evaluation of Effectiveness

  15. Data Log System for Evaluation of Effectiveness • 2,000 general users will evaluate the system receptivity through their everyday car life without being conscious of the test. • Monitor the following data from the vehicles passing through the test point to statistically record the change in driver behavior depending on the presence of an alert and onboard unit. • vehicle velocity, deceleration G, throttle rate, braking condition, etc [A] [B] • result of system decision (Presence of alert) [B] • stopping time at the stop line (stop sign) [Video] Test vehicles (2,000) • vehicle velocity [A] [B] • stopping time at the stop line (stop sign) [Video] Others Video Camera IR Beacon for estimation IR Beacon for information and estimation B Velocity Sensor A

  16. Test Site 3 1 2 Beacon for evaluation Signal recognition enhancement Stop sign recognition enhancement Crossing collision prevention Beacon for Info. 東福院入口 Vehicle detector Video for evaluation Malado 間門 Tofukuin Beacon for evaluation 地図データ ©2008 ZENRIN Z08LC第036号

  17. Participants Characteristics Under 5 years 20’s Over 70’s 5-10 years 30’s Over 30 years 60’s 11-20 years 40’s 50’s 21-30 years Age group of participants Driving experience Others Business Commute Shopping Delivery & pick up Purpose of uses

  18. LOG Details Period : 2006.10-2008.9

  19. Test Results Stop Sign Alert 41% of vehicles exceed the speed limit. System can help reduce that rate to 23%, especially in high speed vehicles. Vehicles with the system show a 35% increase in the complete stop rate at the stop line. 50 Monitors 2006.10-2007.6 2007.7-2008.3 2008.4-9 40 Incomplete stop 24.2% 30 General cars 59.0% Complete stop rate %→ 20 41.0% 75.8% 10 with system without system 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 5 Vehicle behavior on stop line Aoba - Velocity at No. 2 Beacon

  20. Test Results Red Signal Alert 70% of vehicles exceed the speed limit. System can help reduce that rate to 56%, especially in high speed vehicles. Monitor cars 2006.10-2007.6 2007.7-2008.3 2008.4-9 30 General vehicles 20 rate %→ 10 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 5 100km/h Tofukuin - Velocity at No. 2 Beacon

  21. Test Results Crossing Collision 38% of vehicles exceed the speed at which drivers can avoid a crash if a vehicle appears from the side road. System can help reduce rate to 22%, especially in high speed vehicles. 30 2007.7-2008.3 Dangerous Speed w/ side road vehicles w/o side road vehicles General vehicles 36.8% Brake OFF 59.5% 20 63.2% 10 Brake ON 40.5% rate %→ Speed limit w/o Info. w/ Info. 0 km/h 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Aoba - Velocity at No. 2 Beacon

  22. Test Results Learning Adaptation Approaching speed before an intersection is decreasing as time passes. Since the intersection is not visible from the driver at this point, it is considered that the driver is learning potential dangers. Aoba/Change of vehicle velocity at the No. 1 beacon 2006.10-2007.6 2007.7-2008.3 2008.4-9 20 rate %→ 10 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 km/h 5

  23. Test Results Over-trust Approaching speed before an intersection is decreasing as time passes. There is no observable trend of driver’s over-trust even if the vehicle does not provide any alert. 30 Aoba/Change of vehicle velocity at the No.1 beacon No alert case = No side road vehicles case 2006.10-2007.6 2007.7-2008.3 2008.4-9 20 an example of over-trust rate %→ 10 0 km/h 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

  24. Result of a questionnaire survey System Acceptability sample n=1,200/1,800 Expectation for this system 98% are positive for wide penetration of this system. <Expectations for this system> 86.6% Strongly expect 11.0% Neutral 1.6% 0.3% Not expect 0.5%

  25. Result of a questionnaire survey Change in Driving Behavior sample n=1,200/1,800 This kind of alert may be especially effective for women and older people 100% of older people and 88% of women replied that they decelerated the vehicle in response to the alert or attention information did nothing Braking released gas pedal N=1084 male 21.0% 26.7% 52.3% N=116 50.0% 11.5% female 38.5% under 60 years old N=929 38.4% 25.0% 25.0% over 60 years old N=271 0% 61.6% 38.0%

  26. Result of a questionnaire survey Change in Driving Behavior sample n=1,200/1,800 The ripple effect of alert on the test spot. 70% of participants paid attention at the intersections other than test spots. Slow down the vehicle velocity Pay more attention No change Stop sign N=307 26.4% 34.9% 38.8% Crossing N=301 53.2% 32.2% 14.6% Red signal N=148 17.6% 48.0% 34.5%

  27. Test Results Summary < Change in Driver Behavior > Obtained good quantitative results that information support contributes to changing driver behavior to safer driving. Monitor cars General vehicles Change Service Rate of overspeeding vehicles 41% 23% Stop sign recognition enhancement 18Point Rate of overspeeding vehicles 70% 56% Signal recognition enhancement 14Point Rate of crash unavoidable vehicles Crossing collision prevention 16Point 38% 22% ＜Other Changes＞ - No influence of drivers’ experience with the system is found during 2.5 years of monitoring test. • No influence of driver’s over-trust is found during 2.5 years of monitoring test even if no information is provided at the test site. • → Drivers who experienced this system slow down before an intersection. (Driver’s leaning adaptation)

  28. 5. Actualization

  29. Time Schedule of Intersection Issue Government started “ITS-Safety 2010” national project by public-private sectors in order to actualize cooperated safety support system using V-I, V-V from 2010 Actualization Project start Preparation Joint FOT in TOKYO Demo 25-28 Feb Schedule Nissan FOT Toyota DSSS Schedule local, elementary Honda other activities Mazda 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 We hope that the success of Nissan FOT will contribute to government plan of V-I, V-V safety support system actualization in 2010.

  30. 6. Summary

  31. Summary • Obtained the quantitative effect of the system through Kanagawa DSSS test involving 2,000 customer vehicles. • Information support contributes to changing driver behavior to safer driving. • A large majority are positive for wide penetration of the system. • 100% of older people and 88% of women said they decelerated the vehicle in response to alert or attention information. • Joint test is in operation with automobile manufacturers. Effectiveness of the test will be verified by April 2009. • Automobile manufacturers will prepare for On-Board Units toward the practical use of this system in 2010

  32. Thank you for your attention. masao-f@mail.nissan.co.jp

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