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Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Bed Bug Infestations

Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Bed Bug Infestations. G. W. Bennett, C. Wang , G. McGraw, M. Abou El-Nour Department of Entomology, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN S. McKnight BioSensory, Inc. Putnam, CT. Why study bed bug traps and attractants?. Difficult to notice

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Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Bed Bug Infestations

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  1. Traps and Attractants for Monitoring Bed Bug Infestations G. W. Bennett, C. Wang, G. McGraw, M. Abou El-Nour Department of Entomology, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN S. McKnight BioSensory, Inc. Putnam, CT

  2. Why study bed bug traps and attractants? • Difficult to notice • Save labor cost • Detect infestations early • Reduce insecticide use

  3. Tropisms of the bed bugs (Rivnay 1932) • Prefers rough surface • Heat: can detect 2oC difference • Nutritional status of bed bugs • Odour of perspiration: repel or attract. • Blood, muscle, subcutaneous tissue and washed skin: no effect.

  4. Marx 1955 • Can detect temperature differential of 1-20C over 3-cm. • Can perceive man from 1.5 m. • Can detect nest odor from 75 cm.

  5. Response of haematophagous insects to 1-Octen-3-ol • First isolated from cattle odours. • Olfactory attractant to some mosquito species and tsetse flies when combined with CO2.

  6. Response of mosquitoes to L-lactic acid • L-lactic acid alone: slightly or non attractive. • L-lactic acid + CO2: synergistic effect.

  7. Response of Triatoma infestans to CO2 and host odors (Barrozo and Lazzari 2004 a) • CO2: > 300-400 ppm • L-lactic acid alone: no effect • L-lactic acid + CO2: synergistic effect: > 75-150 ppm of CO2. • Octenol: stimulating effect.

  8. Response of Triatoma infestans to CO2 and host odors (Barrozo and Lazzari 2004 b) • Propionic acid: no orientation • Butyric acid: no orientation • Valeric acid: no orientation • Propionic acid + Butyric acid + Valeric acid • L-lactic acid + • 1 + 2 + 3 + L-lactic acid + CO2: response similar to that induced by a live mouse.

  9. Experiment I • Objective: evaluate the attractiveness of chemical lure and heat on bed bugs. • Treatments: • Heat only (44 - 47oC) • Heat + octenol (24.5%) • Heat + octenol + lactic acid (?%)

  10. Experimental Design • A one bed-room apartment with 1,000 ~ 2,000 bed bugs. • Three traps were placed beside the bed. • The traps were operated from 12 am-6 am for 1-4 days. The trap locations rotated after each check. Door to the living room

  11. Effectiveness of bed bug lures on attracting bed bugs

  12. Experiment II • Lowered trap design • Treatments: • Control (no heat, no chemical) • Heat • Heat + Octenol • Heat + Octenol + lactic acid • Heat + Octenol + lactic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid + valeric acid (concentration?)

  13. Experimental Design • 4 x 4 Latin square design • Each apartment had >1,000 bed bugs. • One pair of traps were placed in each apartment beside the bed. • The traps were operated from 12 am-5 am for 2 days. The traps rotated among the 4 apartments after each check. With heat and/or chemical Without heat or chemical

  14. Effectiveness of heat and chemical lures on attracting bed bugs

  15. Conclusions • Heat (44 - 47oC) significantly increased trap catches. • There is a trend that a mixed chemical lure is more effective than a simple lure (p = 0.056). • Pitfall traps with heat and chemical lures have potential to be useful tool for monitoring bed bug infestations and reducing bed bug numbers.

  16. Acknowledgements • Indianapolis Housing Agency • BioSensory, Inc.

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