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Drug Classification

Drug Classification. Lesson 1. Psychopharmacology. Study of drugs that affect nervous system Study effects of the drug e.g. prenatal methamphetamine Drugs as tools to study functions of nervous system e.g., cocaine & reward systems ~. My Interests. Prenatal & postnatal consequenses

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Drug Classification

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  1. Drug Classification Lesson 1

  2. Psychopharmacology • Study of drugs that affect nervous system • Study effects of the drug • e.g. prenatal methamphetamine • Drugs as tools to study functions of nervous system • e.g., cocaine & reward systems ~

  3. My Interests • Prenatal & postnatal consequenses • Drugs of abuse • Environmental teratogens • Prenatal • effects on neural development • Postnatal behavior • Postnatal • Addiction ~

  4. Drug effects are variable! • Course Goal: Understanding factors that produce variability • Pharmacological • Neurophysiological • Psychological • Survey of specific drugs ~

  5. Psychoactive Drugs • Drug • Biologically Active • chemically alters cell structure/function • Exclude: Natural Foods/Water • Alters function of nervous system • Consciousness • Emotions • Perceptions • Behavior ~

  6. Drug Names • At least 3 names • Chemical name • describes molecular structure • Generic name • official legal name • Trade name • brand name • Street name ~

  7. dl-2 amino-1 phenylpropane dl-amphetamine Benzedrine speed, bennies, whites, etc.~ chemical generic trade street Example: Amphetamine

  8. 7-chloro--1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2[1H]-one diazepam valium tranks, downers, blues, yellows chemical generic trade street Example: Valium

  9. (+)-(5S)-6-(chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate eszopiclone Lunesta ? street Example: Lunesta • chemical • generic • trade

  10. Drug Equivalence • Important to know when prescribing • Chemical equivalence • identical chemical compounds • e.g., Miltown & Equanil (meprobamate) • Biological equivalence • different chemical compounds • affect the same systems in same way • e.g., Prozac vs. Zoloft ~

  11. Drug Equivalence • Clinical equivalence • same behavioral effect • different chemical compounds affecting different systems • e.g., thorazine vs. lithium ~

  12. Drug Classification • Several schemes • use depends on goals • Not easy to classify • each drug wide range of properties • Psychopharmacology: • CNS & Behavioral ~

  13. Text: CNS & Behavioral Effects • CNS Stimulants • Cocaine, amphetamine • CNS Depressants • Barbiturates, alcohol • Analgesics • Morphine, codeine • Hallucinogens • Mescaline, LSD, psilocybin • Psychotherapeutics • Prozac, thorazine ~

  14. Drug laws & legal classification • Controlled Substances Act of 1970 • 5 schedules • abuse potential • medicinal value • Schedule I • high abuse potential • no accepted medicinal value ~

  15. Drug laws & legal classification • Schedule II • high abuse potential • accepted medicinal value • Schedule III • moderate abuse potential • Schedule IV - low abuse potential • Schedule V - abuse potential < IV ~

  16. Drug Schedules & Regulation • Schedule I • Cannot be prescribed • Research: tightly regulated • Schedule II • Can prescribe, but no refills • Research: yearly registration • Schedule III, IV, V • Prescribe up to 5 refills over 6 months ~

  17. Classification Problems • Alcohol effects • General nervous system depressant • Effects depend on dose • Low dose  behavioral excitation • High dose  behavioral inhibition • What are the effects of alcohol? It depends! ~

  18. Another Example • Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder • hyperkinesis • Treatment: Ritalin • Methylphenidate • classified as a sedative? • No, a stimulant ~

  19. No Magic Bullets! • Drug delivered into system • Affects all cells that have receptors • Desired effect = therapeutic effect • All other effects = side effects • All drugs have multiple effects ~

  20. What are a drug’s effects? • IT DEPENDS • Many sources of variability • A focus of this course • Deciding to use a drug • weigh benefits vs. risks • there are always risks ~

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