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Is There Still a Controversy About Stent Type for TASC C&D Lesions? Insights From COBEST Randomized Trial

Is There Still a Controversy About Stent Type for TASC C&D Lesions? Insights From COBEST Randomized Trial. Aravinda Nanjundappa, MD, FACC, FSCAI Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery West Virginia University Charleston, WV. Treatment Benefit QOL Limitation

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Is There Still a Controversy About Stent Type for TASC C&D Lesions? Insights From COBEST Randomized Trial

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  1. Is There Still a Controversy About Stent Type for TASC C&D Lesions? Insights From COBEST Randomized Trial Aravinda Nanjundappa, MD, FACC, FSCAI Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery West Virginia University Charleston, WV

  2. TreatmentBenefitQOLLimitation Exercise 100% ↑↑ Not available Angioplasty 50-100% ↑ Distal lesions Surgery 150% ↑↑ 2-5% risk Cilostazol 50% ↑ Not in CHF Claudication treatment options

  3. TreatmentMechanismTASC II Exercise Metabolic, Walking efficiency A Endothelial Angioplasty Hemodynamic A Cilostazol Metabolic, Hemodynamic A Vascular smooth muscle Claudication treatment options

  4. Results of Iliac Angioplasty Gruntzig (1979) Spence (1981) Schwarten (1984) Kumpe (1982) Gallino (1982) Two to Four Year Patency 100 95 89% 90 87% 87% % 85 82% 82% 2 Year 80 4 Year 2 Year 3 Year 2 Year 75 70

  5. Results of Iliac Angioplasty Late Clinical Success % • 667 iliac procedures analyzed • One month clinical success 90.2% 75.2 80 64.9 70 59.7 56.7 53.4 60 50 40 2 Years 3 Years 1 Year 4 Years 5 Years 30 20 10 0 Ann Surg 1987;206:403-13

  6. Stenting of Iliac ArteriesMulticenter Experience Stage 0 Effect on Clinical Stage Stage I Stage II Stage III 80 Stage IV 70 60 50 % 40 30 20 10 0 Before Treatment After Treatment Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1992;15:291-7.

  7. Stenting of Iliac ArteriesMulticenter Experience • 587 procedures in 486 patients. • 1.9 ± 1.3 stents per patient (1 - 8). • 405 patients - unilateral stents. • 81 patients - bilateral stents. • Mean follow-up: 13.3 ± 11 months (1 - 48). • 201 patients underwent angiographic follow-up at 8.7 ± 5.7 months. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1992;15:291-7.

  8. Stenting of Iliac ArteriesMulticenter Experience • Angiographic patency (defined as < 50% stenosis within stent): 92% • Sustained clinical benefit: • 90.9% at 1 year • 84.1% at 2 years • 68.6% at 43 months • Diabetes and poor run off had a negative influence on the clinical outcome

  9. Four Year Patency Critical Limb Ischemia Radiology 1997;204:87-96

  10. Four Year Patency Claudication Radiology 1997;204:87-96

  11. PTA vs. Stenting For Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease • Meta-analysis of 6 PTA studies (1,300 patients) and 8 stent studies (816 patients) • Immediate technical success: • PTA 91% • Stent 96% • Risk of long-term failure reduced by 39% after stenting P < 0.05 Radiology 1997;204:87-96

  12. Randomized Trial:Mean Restenosis % Luminal Narrowing G. Richter et al, 1992

  13. Express® LD Iliac Premounted Stent System, MELODIE Trial - Overview • Trial Design: • A prospective, multi-center, single arm study to obtain additional data on the safety and efficacy of the Express™ LD Stent implantation in the treatment of stenosed or occlusive atherosclerotic disease (de novo or restenotic) in iliac arteries (common and/or external). • Objective: • The objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of the Express™ LD Stent for the treatment of atherosclerotic iliac artery lesions as compared to an objective performance criterion* (OPC), with a primary endpoint of mean percent luminal diameter loss at 6 months. • Enrollment: • 151 patients (163 lesions) with de novo or restenotic atherosclerotic lesions <100mm long in vessels between 5 and 10 mm in diameter with stenosis > 50%. *Objective Performance Criterion An objective performance criterion (OPC) is a benchmark used to compare a trial’s results against a literature derived control group. For the MELODIE study the objective performance criterion was constructed from the Palmaz® Balloon Expandable Stent iliac study, Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 15: 291-297, 1992, and was defined as 15% mean percent luminal diameter loss at 6 months. Palmaz is a trademark of Johnson and Johnson. 90541175

  14. Express® LD Iliac Premounted Stent SystemMELODIE Trial – TLR 90541175

  15. Role of covered stents • Several studies have demonstrated that PTFE covered stents may provide better results as compared to bare metal stents, particularly in TASC C and D lesions. • Chang, et al demonstrated that covered stents show a significantly higher patency rate long term (at 5 years) as compared to bare metal stents when used to treat TASC C & D iliac lesions (87% vs. 53% p≤.01)6.

  16. Covered stents • Of note, the covered stent lesion characteristics were statistically more advanced than those in the bare metal group (38% of covered stent group had type C & D lesions versus 7% for BMS p=0.034). • The covered stent group had superior outcomes, regardless of the type of lesions treated

  17. TASC II aorto-iliac lesionsType C and Type D

  18. Atrium’s Bx Covered StentsAdvanta™ V12 and iCAST™ iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only)

  19. Atrium’s FilmCast™ Encapsulation Technology BMS at 28 days Covered Stent at 28 days Rogers, C & E. Edelman. A Non-GLP Study of Biologic Responses to Uncoated and PTFE Coated Steel Stents in Rabbit Iliac Arteries. (1997) iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  20. iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  21. COBEST Trial What is COBEST: (Covered Balloon Expandable Stent Trial) • A prospective, randomized, controlled, multi-center (12 sites) clinical trial comparing Atrium’s balloon expandable covered stent to bare metal stents for use in iliac occlusive disease. Inclusion criteria: • Type B, C, or D lesions. • Dissection after angioplasty. • Recurrent stenosis after angioplasty. Follow up: • Patients were followed clinically (with ABI and symptom relief) and by duplex US scan at 6, 12, and 18 months. Primary Objective: • Binary restenosis (<50% stenosis on DU/Angiogram)=primary patency at 6, 12 and 18 months. iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  22. COBEST Trial-18 Month Results Atrium’s covered stent technology is superior to bare metal stents for iliac occlusive disease. • V12 showed lower binary restenosis rates (p=0.037). • Binary restenosis defined as vessel patency <50% • This proves the V12 offers higher patency than bare metal stents iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  23. COBEST Trial-18 Month Results • V12 group experienced the greatest improvement in Type C & D lesions • These findings are highly statistically significant (p<.002) • V12 outperforms bare metal stents with more challenging C & D lesions iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  24. COBEST Trial-18 Month Results • V12 showed significantly lower target lesion revascularization Rates (TLR) • If the patient received a bare metal stent, they were 5X more likely to need a re-intervention • This is a huge burden on a patients quality of life and an enormous economic impact on the overall health system iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  25. Outcomes of Kissing Covered Stents Compared to Non-Covered Stents for Aortic Bifurcation Lesions iCAST is FDA approved for the Sabri SS, Angle JF, Choudrhi AF, Dake MDJournal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology July 2010 treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only). Objective: • Retrospective review • Kissing Stents for aorto-iliac lesions • Compared bare metal stents to covered stents Methods: • 26 patients received Atrium covered stents • 28 patients received bare metal stents • 17 patients with Palmaz Genesis (Cordis) and 11 patients with Express LD (BS) • Median follow up was 21 months • 25 months for the non covered stent group • 20 months for the covered stent group • Indications for stent placement included claudication and limb-threatening ischemia.

  26. Outcomes of Kissing Covered Stents Compared to Non-Covered Stents for Aortic Bifurcation Lesions iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only). Results: • Treated lesion characteristics were statistically more advanced in the patients with covered stents: • 38% of Atrium covered stent patients had type C & D lesions (p=0.034) • 7% of BMS patients had type C lesions • 0% of BMS patients had type D lesions • 92% of BMS patients had simple type A & B lesions • Technical success was achieved in 100% in both groups. • Primary patency rates at 1 & 2 years: • Bare Metal Stents = 78% and 62% • iCAST covered stents = 92% and 92% (p value = 0.023) • ABI’s at follow up: • Covered stent group- increased from 0.74/0.61 (right/left) to 0.80/0.88 • Bare metal stent group-decreased from 0.77/0.070 (right/left) to 0.74/0.79

  27. Outcomes of Kissing Covered Stents Compared to Non-Covered Stents for Aortic Bifurcation Lesions Results Continued: • Sustained clinical improvement at follow up: • 85% of Atrium covered stent patients had sustained clinical symptom improvement during follow up period. • 54% of BMS patients had sustained clinical symptom improvement • TVR at 2 years: • Atrium Covered Stent = 8% • BMS = 38 % Conclusion: • There is a clinically and statistically significant difference in the patency rates of balloon expandable covered versus bare metal balloon expandable stents employed in the treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the aortic bifurcation and proximal CIA’s. iCAST is FDA approved for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. Advanta V12 is CE approved for restoring the patency of iliac and renal arteries (renal approval is for 5-7mm sizes only).

  28. iCARUS Trial What is iCARUS? • Atrium iCAST Iliac Stent Trial • IDE trial to support a PMA application Objective: • To evaluate the iCAST covered stent for treating iliac artery stenosis (as compared to other FDA approved iliac stents) in patients with de novo or restenotic lesions in the common and/or external iliac arteries.

  29. iCARUS Trial Study design: • Prospective, multi-center, non-randomized, single arm registry Primary endpoint: • A composite endpoint defined as: • Occurrence of death with 30 days, • Target site revascularization or • Restenois within 9 months post-procedure

  30. iCARUS Trial Secondary Endpoints: • MAVE • MAE • Device Success • Acute Procedural Success • Clinical Success • Patency • Composite rate of 30 day death, 9-month target site revascularization and 9 month restenosis in subjects without total occlusions of the iliac

  31. iCARUS Trial • Clinical sites: • 25 sites in the US • 1 international site • 165 Patients enrolled • Enrollment: • Completed in October 2010 • 9 month follow up • Last patient scheduled for 9 month • follow up in July 2011 • PMA submission by end of 2011

  32. Conclusions • Covered stents are safe, less TVR and less re stenosis for patients with TASC C and D lesions • Results of iCARUS are awaited • Cost benefit ratio of covered stent versus BMS: Less TVR and less readmissions

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