[ Maritime Multi-hop Networks ] Document Number: C802.16gman-10/0001 Date Submitted: 2010-01-08 Source: Dr Jaya Shankar

1. [Maritime Multi-hop Networks] • Document Number: C802.16gman-10/0001 • Date Submitted: • 2010-01-08 • Source: • Dr Jaya Shankar Voice: +65 6408 2239 • Institute for Infocomm Research E-mail: jshankar@i2r.a-star.edu.sg • 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis (South Tower) • Singapore 138632 • Dr Haiguang Wang Voice: +65 6408 2256 • Institute for Infocomm Research E-mail: hwang@i2r.a-star.edu.sg • 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01 Connexis (South Tower) • Singapore 138632 • Venue: • La Jolla, CA, USA • Base Contribution: • Purpose: • Notice: • This document does not represent the agreed views of the IEEE 802.16 Working Group or any of its subgroups. It represents only the views of the participants listed in the “Source(s)” field above. It is offered as a basis for discussion. It is not binding on the contributor(s), who reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. • Release: • The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.16. • Patent Policy: • The contributor is familiar with the IEEE-SA Patent Policy and Procedures: • <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6> and <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3>. • Further information is located at <http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-material.html> and <http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat>.

2. Maritime Multi-hop Networks

3. Agenda • Motivation • Maritime Multi-hop Networks Use Cases and Requirements • Efforts in IMO and ITU • Summary

4. Maritime Communication: State of Arts • Legacy UHF and VHF radios - low bandwidth • Satellite system (INMARSAT’s Fleet) - low BW when compared to land-based wireless • Up to 64 kbps of data bandwidth per-link • Future INMARSAT’s BGAN system • Expected up to 492 kbps data bandwidth. • Cost of satellite equipment and bandwidth will remain high due to • Cost of Antenna stabilizers • Cost of Launching satellites

5. Pressures of Improving the Speed of Communication • eNavigation • Safety • Two way voice/data communication • Internet access

6. Challenges and Solution • Characteristics of communications in maritime environment • Node density is low. • Distances between nodes are long. • Difficult to deploy base station on the sea due to hostile environment. • Above characteristics prevents the use of single-hop cellular-based technology • Multi-hop wireless networks provide a good solution: • Lowers the network deployment cost • Extends the network coverage

7. Maritime Network – Use Case 1 • Topology • Internet access • Multi-hop • Fixed BS • Handoff between BS

8. Maritime Network – Use Case 2 • Topology • Internet Access • Multi-hop • Mobile BS • One or more node assumes the role of BS

9. Maritime Network – Use Case 3 • Topology • No Internet Access • Multi-hop • Mobile BS • Peer to peer • One or more node assumes the role of BS

10. Requirements • Multi-hop capability • Ability to source and sink data at relays • Topology • Multi-hop relays • Mobile BS • Reliability & Robustness

11. Efforts In IMO • Objective: • I2R tries to push for adoption of Maritime Multi-hop Networks using 802.16 technology • Attended Joint IMO/ITU Experts Group on Radiocommunications on 23rd June 2009 • Presented an introductory paper on Maritime Multi-hop Networks to solve communication needs in emerging applications such as eNavigation • Paper tries to address WRC-12 Agenda item 1.10 which aims “to examine the frequency allocation requirements with regard to operation of safety systems for ships and ports and associated regulatory provisions” • Maritime multihop networks noted by IMO and included as background info in position statement to WRC-12 agenda item 1.10 • IMO has tasked IALA to further study the communication needs for eNavigation • Maritime Multi-hop viewed as a potential system to provide required BW

12. Efforts In ITU • Objective: • I2R tries to introduce feasibility studies of Maritime Multi-hop Networks using 802.16 technology • Garner support from various member states on adoption and harmonization of the spectrum required for the system • Attended ITU WP-5B (Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service ) on 23rd Nov to Dec 4th 2009 in Geneva • I2R and NICT submitted a working doc towards a draft new report/recommendations on the maritime broadband wireless mesh network [3] to the ITU WP 5B-3 Maritime Mobile Service working group. • Received general support from key member states • Document debated, revised and promoted to a preliminary draft new report/recommendations • To maintain and revise the doc further and get it approved as a Report by Nov 2010. • I2R has also proposed some possible frequency sharing mechanism in draft CPM text

13. Summary • Efforts ongoing to push for a 802.16 based multi-hop system for adoption in Maritime Networks • Topology & Requirements of Maritime Multi-hop Networks appear to be in accordance with GRIDMAN • Propose to include Maritime Use Case in GRIDMAN

14. References • [1] Document submitted by Singapore, “Use of WiMAX Mesh networks and Digital VHF for realizing the e-Navigation concept”, the 5th meeting of the joint IMO/ITU Experts Group, June 23 – 25, 2009, London, Britain. • [2] Outcome of fifth meeting of the joint IMO/ITU Experts Group, “Scoping exercise to establish the need for a review of the elements and procedures of the GMDSS”, the 5th meeting of the joint IMO/ITU Experts Group, June 23 – 25, 2009, London, Britain. • [3] Document submitted by I2R and NICT, “working document towards a draft new report/recommendation on Maritime broadband Wireless mesh networks”, ITU WP5B Meeting, Nov 23rd – Dec 4th, 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. • [4] CPM text document prepared by WP5B-3 on WRC-12 Item 1.10.