Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

2. Personal Protective Equipment • Provide a barrier between you and the chemical • Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE) • Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits) • Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin) • Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program) • Level D - “normal” work clothes

3. Supplied Air SystemsSelf Contained Breathing Apparatus

4. Positive Pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Advantages: Provides highest level of protection against airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency Limitations: Bulky and heavy Limited air supply limits work duration May impair movement in confined spaces Unknown resistance to chemicals

5. Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks Possibility of unlimited air supply Less bulky with a longer work time Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA

6. Positive Pressure Supplied Air Respirator Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH) Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult. Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air supply and lines. Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a minimum of five minutes.

7. Air Purifying Respirators Enhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight Negative pressure operations – can be full face or half face Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for emergency response Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than 19.5%

9. Chemical Protective Clothing Level A (Vapor Protection) Provides responder with highest level of protection Level B (Splash Protection) Provides the responder with the highest level of respiratory protection and protection against contact with product from spills and splashes Level C (Splash Protection) Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall be well characterized (known and measured) to provide use of APR’s.

10. Level A CPE

11. Level B CPE

12. Level C CPE

13. Chemical Protective Clothing Level D (normal workplace protections) Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations. No NFPA standard garment. May include items such as: Eye Protection Coveralls Boots that are chemically resistant Hard hat Gloves

14. Stresses of Wearing CPC’s Heat related stresses: Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke Cold related stresses: Frostbite, Hypothermia Psychological stress: Hazardous area, “Body bag with Windows”

15. Stresses of Wearing CPC’s NFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes: BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg Pulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age) Respirations - greater than 24 Temp – greater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 core EKG – dysrhythmia not previously detected Mental Status – altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness Recent Medical History: Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours. Any alcohol within the past 6 hours New medications within the past 72 hours. Pregnancy

16. Chemical Resistance/Compatibility • Three principle manners by which chemical protective clothing materials can be compromised: • Penetration • Degradation • 3. Permeation

20. Bio Isolation PPEs • Cover all skin • Use with respirator and eye protection • Should be rated for biological (blood-borne pathogen) protection by manufacture

21. Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Improper Use • Using inappropriate concentration (more is better) • Mixing compounds together • Improper Storage • Next flammables • No ventilation • Stored next to incompatibles • Compressed Gasses indoors

22. Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Limited or no PPEs • Eye & Face Protection • Apron • Gloves • Respiratory Protection • Poor or no Signage/Markings • Hazard areas • Safe areas

23. Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Limited or no Training • PPEs • Proper use • HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120) • No MSDS • Don’t know standard • No Emergency or Spill Plan • Poor Housekeeping • Safety equipment not maintained

24. Problems in the Agricultural Setting • Usually a failure of multiple safety processes • Complacency • Performance before safety • Profit before safety (safety to expensive)

25. Example of Spill Procedures When Spill Occurs • Stop operations and equipment • Isolate or evacuate area affected • Emergency Notification • If trained, contain and control spill • Provide first aid and assistance to injured • Clean up, decontamination

26. Natural Disasters • Hurricane/Typhoon • Earthquake • Tsunami • Fire • Flood • Disease Outbreak • Agriculture • Wildlife • Human

27. Man Made Disasters • Transportation • Unintentional Releases • Civil Unrest • Terrorism • Technological • Electrical • Communications • Water (Fresh and Waste)

28. What is an emergency? • An Event that is-- • Unplanned • Uncontrolled • Chaotic • Life, Property or Environmental Threat • Requires a rapid response to bring the event under control

29. What is an emergency response? • Rapid or timely mitigation of events • Best use of resources • Trained personnel • Favorably changes the outcome

30. Planned Response • Control • Isolation and Quarantine • Notification • Local, Law Enforcement, National and International Aid • Have a written plan • Test and Periodically Practice

31. Incident Command System • Management System • Who’s in charge? • What’s our goals? • What’s my tasks? • Where do I fit in the organization? • Whom do I report?

32. Incident Management • Places one person in charge • Clarifies objectives • Guides deployment of personnel & resources • Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is not overwhelmed • Eases communications & identifies chain of command

33. Incident Management • Limits high risk activities & establishes resources to provide immediate assistance • Allows for growth and reduction of organizational structure • For some emergencies, it is a requirement of law, 29 & 40 CFR • Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)

34. Management Concepts • Division of Labor • Work is assigned based on functions, equipment available and training/capabilities of personnel • Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks • Lines of Authority • Personnel and functional groups know their roles within the organization and their relationship with other personnel participating in the emergency

35. Management Concepts • Delegation • Higher level of authority gives personnel or unit an assignment or tasks • Authority is delegated but responsibility is still with the IC • Unity of Command • One immediate supervisor • Prevents multiple and conflicting directives

36. Management Concepts • Span of Control • Number of personnel or units supervised at one time • Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units • Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of danger, amount of authority given • Line Functions - functions directly associated with actual implementation of tasks • Staff Functions - functions associated with the support of incident operations or IC

37. Features of ICS • Common Terminology • uses common language “clear text” • pre-designated language from standard operating procedures • Integrated Communications • Common communications plan “trunking system” • Modular Organization • Organizational structure develops as-needed • Increases and reduces in size as needed

38. Features of ICS • Comprehensive Resource Management • Knows the status of available units • Analyses incident requirements and deploys available resources in a well-coordinated effort • “Tools in a tool box”, only take out the tools you need to get the job done - need to know what tools are needed and when to use them, in correct combination • Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction) • Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or responsibility)

39. Features of ICS • Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command • A single plan of objectives • Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner • Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work assignments • Designated Incident Facilities • Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area • Transfer of Command • Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority

40. Incident Command System • IC & Staff • PIO, Safety, Liaison • Operations • Planning • Logistics • Finance • Division, Group, Branch

41. Incident Command System IC Public Information Safety Liaison Finance/ Administration Section Logistics Section Operations Section Planning Section FireFighting HAZMAT Ventilation Entry DECON Research

42. Scene Management • HAZMAT Sectors • Hot Zone - Contaminated area • Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or decon area • Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone • Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area

44. The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program hazmat@hawaii.rr.com