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Classification of Organisms

Classification of Organisms. Classification. A. Arrangement in classes or groups to improve communication between scientists. Four factors used to classify. 1. They have similar structures. 2. They have similar behaviors. 3. They eat the same kinds of things.

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Classification of Organisms

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  1. Classification of Organisms

  2. Classification A. Arrangement in classes or groups to improve communication between scientists. • Four factors used to classify 1. They have similar structures 2. They have similar behaviors 3. They eat the same kinds of things 4. They have the same chemical make up.

  3. II. Five Kingdoms of Living Things • A. Moneran Kingdom • Simple single celled • Example: Bacteria • Helpful types • a. Decomposers • b. Yogurt • Harmful types • a. Pathogens – cause disease • b Strepthroat

  4. II. Five Kingdoms cont. B. The Protist Kingdom • Complex , single celled organism a. Euglenas- make their own food • Protozoans – depend on getting food from • other sources. • Examples of common protists are as follows

  5. Trypanosoma use flagellum to move

  6. Peramecium have hair like structures called cilia

  7. Here is an Ameba with its pseudopods

  8. Five Kingdoms cont. C. The Fungi Kingdom • Many celled organisms • Depend on others for • food a. Sprophytes- eat dead things b. Parasites – attack living tissues 3. Examples of a. Yeasts b. Mushrooms

  9. A picture of Bread Mold

  10. And here is a Mushroom

  11. Five Kingdoms cont. • D. The Plant Kingdom • 1. Many celled organism • 2. They make their own food. • a. Process called photosynthesis • b. Examples: • Trees, flowers, and grass

  12. E. The Animal Kingdom

  13. The Animal Kingdom cont. 1. Many Celled Organisms 2. Consume other Organisms for food 3. The Subdivision of this Kingdom a. Naming Organisms b. Common names – house cat • Scientific Names – Felis catus • Genus Species d. How are scientific names made?

  14. 4. How Kingdoms are subdivided Let’s look at how we would scientifically name the Columbine. a. Phylum Tracheophyta b. Class Angiospermae • Order Dicotyledon d. Family Ranunculaceae e. Genus Aquilegia f. Species cearulea

  15. 1. Phylum: Porifera – The Sponges • Sessile (permanently attached • as adults.) b. Pores c. Two cell layers d. Both marine and fresh water • Respiration- Oxygen absorbed by • inner cells. • Digestion- Food absorbed by inner • cell layer. g.Circulation- • Flagellum create a water • current. 2. No Blood

  16. Phylum: Coelenterata • Jellyfish and Coral • They have tentacles. b. They have stinging cells. • Some are sessile/ some free-living

  17. Phylum: Coelenterata cont. • Jellyfish and Coral cont. d. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed by inner cell layer • Digestion – • 1. Food absorbed by inner cell wall • 2. Single opening mouth • Circulation – water current distributes • gas/food

  18. 3. Phylum: Platyhelminthes – The Flatworms a. Parasites live off host • They can regenerate if • broken. c.Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin d. Digestion - 1. Nutrients absorbed into the skin 2. Single opening mouth e. Circulation – Nutrients/ gas circulated by host

  19. 4. Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms a. Many are parasites / some free - living b. Respiration – Oxygen absorbed through the skin d. Digestion 1. Nutrients absorbed by inner cell layer. 2. Complete system ( Two Openings) D. Circulation - Food / gas absorbed through cells

  20. Phylum Annelida - • The Segmented Worm • Segmented body • Respiration – Gas exchange through the • skin. • Digestion – • 1. Specialized organs • 2. Complete System • 3. Nutrients absorbed through inner • cell layer.

  21. Phylum Annelida - The Segmented Worm cont d. Circulation – Pairs of “hearts” circulate blood e. Example : Earthworm - Nightcrawlers

  22. 6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks a. Mostly Shell-builders • Mantle – Fleshy covering • that secretes the shell. c. Well developed sense organs

  23. 6. Phylum: Mollusca – The Mollusks d. Respiration – Gills for gas exchange e. Digestion – complete with specialized organs. f. Circulation – hearts for pumping blood. g. Mostly aquatic • Examples • Octopus ,squid, • Snails and clams

  24. 7. Phylum - Arthropoda

  25. 7. Phylum Arthropods a. Exoskeleton (outside) • Jointed legs c. Segmented body • Circulation – open, hearts for pumps e. Respiration - • Vents and spiracles ( land arthropods) • 2. Gills (aquatic arthropods) f. Digestion – complete with specialized organs g. Five classes of arthropods

  26. g. Arthropods five classes cont. 1. Class Crustacea ( crabs, lobsters) a. Mostly marine (salt water) • Cephalothorax and abdomen • (two body regions) c. Five pair of legs

  27. g. Arthropods five classes cont. 2. Class Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites) a. Many are poisonous b. Two body regions c. Four pairs of legs

  28. g. Arthropods five classes cont 3. Class Insecta ( grasshoppers, bees) a. Many fly b. Three body regions c. Three pairs of legs

  29. g. Arthropods five classes cont 4. Class Chilopoda ( centipedes) a. Many segments b. One pair of legs per segment c. Poisonous

  30. g. Arthropods five classes cont 5. Class Diplopoda ( millipedes) a. Many segments b. Two pairs of legs per segment c. Not poisonous

  31. Phylum: Echinodermata • starfish A. Spiny skin B. Radial design C. Examples: sea stars

  32. Phylum Chordata • ( vertebrates with spinal cords) • Circulatory system 1. Closed (veins and arteries) 2. Multi chambered heart • Digestive System – • Complete system with specialized organs C. Respiratory System 1. Lungs on land 2. Gills in most cases in water

  33. Let’s take a look at 7 classes of vertebrates

  34. Phylum: Chordata cont. 1. Class: Cyclostomata a. Cold blooded b. Cartilage skeleton c. No true Jaws d. Example: The lamprey

  35. Phylum: Chordata cont 2. Class: Chondrichthyes a. Cold blooded b. Sharp teeth c. Cartilage skeleton d. Example: sharks, rays, skates

  36. Phylum: Chordata cont 3. Class: Osteichthyes 1. Cold blooded 2. Bone skeleton 3. Two chambered heart 4. Scales 5. Example: perch, bass

  37. Phylum: Chordata cont 4. Class: amphibia a. Live in water and on land b. Smooth moist skin ( exceptions: toads) c. Cold blooded d. Breathe through gills as babies

  38. 4. Class: amphibia cont. e. Breathe through lungs and skin as adults f. Lay eggs in water g. Three chambered heart h. Metamorphisms (tadple to frog) i. Examples newts, salamanders, frogs and toads

  39. Phylum: Chordata 5. Class: Reptilia a. Cold blooded b. scales c. Lay eggs on land

  40. Phylum: Chordata 5. Class: Reptilia cont. d. Incomplete four chambered heart e. Breath with lungs from birth f. Example: snakes, lizards, turtles

  41. Phylum: Chordata 6. Class: Aves The birds a. Warm blooded b. Complete four chambered heart c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body d. Feathers

  42. Phylum: Chordata 6. Class: Aves The birds cont. e. Lay eggs on land f. Light weight skeleton g. Examples: Eagles, Seagulls, Turkeys

  43. Phylum: Chordata 7. Class: Mammalia a. Warm blooded b. Hair • Live birth (placentals) • Placenta- nourishes baby while developing in mom

  44. Phylum: Chordata 7. Class: Mammalia cont. d. Mammary glands • produce milk • - nurse young e. Two pairs of limbs f. High functioning brain and sense organs

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