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Pacific Connectivity

Pacific Connectivity. John Budden PIFS. Connectivity- for what??. Pacific Characteristics. Size -hundreds to millions Distances- hundreds and thousands of kilometers Topography- atoll to volcanic Concentrations -single to hundreds of islands Natural resources- nil to wealthy

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Pacific Connectivity

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  1. Pacific Connectivity John Budden PIFS

  2. Connectivity- for what??

  3. Pacific Characteristics • Size -hundreds to millions • Distances- hundreds and thousands of kilometers • Topography- atoll to volcanic • Concentrations -single to hundreds of islands • Natural resources- nil to wealthy • Ethnicity- melanesian , micronesian, polynesian • Political system- kingdoms, presidents and prime ministers, territories and dependencies- sovereignty • Currency- no central banking function • The only thing they have in common is location!

  4. Status • 14 countries and as many territories make generalizations difficult • Polynesia better served than Melanesia and Micronesia • Competition has dramatically improved the situation in five countries Tonga, Samoa, PNG, Vanuatu and Fiji but • Competition is not the only model Palau and Cook Islands have high penetration with monopolies- even the bb models for Australia and NZ may be based on one network, also virtual operators have a Pacific role • More backbone capacity is needed in most countries (only Fiji and PNG presently have cables- plus New Caledonia) • Access to villages is generally poor – less than 10% of urban

  5. Current position • Telephones, mobiles, • Internet • Satellites, cables, wireless, • Media

  6. Cables AND satellites and HF and Microwave and copper • Southern Cross, Fiji, PNG, NC, AS/S • SPIN and derivatives (see WB report) • Satellites , Intelsat etc C • AMC23/GE23, SinoSat, Ku • New Ka offerings O3B, ViaSat, WINDS • Issue now is satellite terminal costs and energy • Wifi and Wimax are cost effective solutions to last mile

  7. Southern Cross

  8. Potential Cable Connections

  9. Media • Radio good • TV limited often to capitals • Satellite TV • Bandwidth and costs limit IP (TV or Broadcasting) • Cable virtually non existent

  10. Connectivity Summary We have the leaders mandates and interest in ICTs and connectivity Very limited, little impact of ICTs in everyday life with the exception of recent mobile rolls out- stages 1-2 High potential due to distance and dispersion High cost due to same plus hostile environment Complex regionalism/flag, economic/financing and technical/commercial issues to be resolved The DIGICEL model??

  11. How will we pay for it? • It will cost hundreds of millions- probably billions - of dollars for universal access • Almost static, low GDPs • Low populations • New production- resources • Productivity gains, efficiency now (commerce) and in the future (education, health) • We must leverage every resource and maximize every investment

  12. Engineering the model • Policy and governance • EU/ITU, WB • Capacity building and supplementation • Human capacity to exploit the technology • Social engineering and the negatives (abuse)

  13. Issues • Access • Cost • Bandwidth • Latency • HRD • Applications • Content • 1000 languages, eight currencies, 28 countries and territories, many cultures

  14. Interests and Forces • Global Commercial • Territory • Sale of services • Domestic commercial • Monopoly/competition, change to IP, • Media, banking, trading interests • Political • Reactionary

  15. Some issues for the solutions • Diversity- equity • Political and commercial • Public private • Timing and dynamics • Financing • Operations and management • Type eg treaty etc • Centralized, economies of scale, vs sovereignty

  16. Role of the agencies • ICTs are largely profitable services • Policy through applications and governance • Leadership and example • Connectivity?

  17. Temptation to engage in the visible, current, the topical and the sexy • Competition for a limited donor pool • Turf • Harmonization of many agencies agendas • Duplication • Overlap • Comparative Advantage

  18. ESCAP’s Comparative Advantage • UN generally, PIFS have the political visibility • ITU, APT have the depth of technical skills • PITA, PICISOC, ISOC, ICANN, APNIC, GAC have specialist skills • Banks have the money • Corporations- vendors, operators service providers - have the delivery mechanisms • ESCAP, SPC have breadth of social and economic engagement –policies and applications

  19. Link WSIS, MDGs, • Gini • Social engineering • Infant and maternal mortality, Illiteracy, political instability, ability to enter the global economy • Primary industries (agriculture, fishing), grass roots (gender, disadvantaged)

  20. ESCAP • Policy- provide models based on global and Asian experiences (developing country)- catalyst, bridge to China, Japan, Korea, India and also the smaller economies with special skills • Based on cross sectoral capacity, demand, applications, user, eg disaster, e-Government, statistics • “Hub and spoke” models, EPOC, SOPAC, SPC • Provide tailored advise based on ad hoc requests. • Harmonization of the UN space- UNDP, UNESCO,

  21. Pacific Challenges • Uniqueness on many dimensions • Particularly distance and scale • Many players- sometimes getting in each others way

  22. Recommendations • Recognize regional/ sub regional solutions • Look for multi application, synergistic solutions • Harmonize the activities of regional and global entities and the governments and private sectors • Intelligently learn from outside- expertise and solutions- successes and failures

  23. Thank you • www.forumsec.org.fj • john@budden.com

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