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Scientific Fraud_ How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - Enago Academy

Scientific Fraud_ How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - Enago Academy. This article was originally published at Enago Academy by Enago Manuscript Editing services which provides scientific editing to researchers authors and Phd students. For more information contact - - orders@enago.com.<br>

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Scientific Fraud_ How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - Enago Academy

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  1. ScientikcFraud:HowJournalsDetectImage Manipulation(Part 2) Enago Academy is here to answer all your questions related to academic research and publishing.

  2. ENAGO ACADEMY Enago Academy offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources for researchers, publishers, editors, and students to learn and share their experience about research and publishing. Enago Academy also conducts workshops primarily for ESL authors, early-stage researchers, and graduate students. Our advanced workshop modules cater to the needs of researchers who want to know more about the issues pertinent to successful publication.

  3. ENAGO Enago is the trusted name in author services for the global research community. Since 2005, we have worked with researchers in more than 125 countries improving the communication of their research and helping them to achieve success in publication. We have offices in Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai, Istanbul, and New York. Enago operates globally with regional teams supporting researchers locally. Enago is the preferred partner for many leading universities and research organizations worldwide. In addition, we also collaborate with prominent publishers and societies to overcome regional challenges.

  4. 9/7/2018 Scientific Fraud: How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - EnagoAcademy ScientikcFraud:HowJournalsDetectImage Manipulation(Part 2) LastupdatedMay8,2018 Inthekrstpartofthisseries,wehighlightedthechallengesandtakesfromauthorsandjournalsonimage manipulation. Sowho’sreallyinchargeofmakingsurethatjournalsdonotpublishmanipulatedimages?MikeRossner,forone. While at JCB, he discovered that“about 1% of accepted papers had manipulated images that affected their conclusions;another25%hadsomesortofmanipulationthatviolatedguidelines.”AfterRossnerleftJCB,he foundedImageDataIntegrity(IDI),whichidentikesbiomedicaldatamanipulations. Although Rossner concurs with Bik that some image manipulations may not be strictly unethical, he counsels caution,sincesomethingasinnocuousas“clean[ing]upunwantedbackgroundinanimage”canhaveunintended consequences.“[W]hatmayseemtobeabackgroundbandorcontaminationmayactuallyberealandbiologically important,”Rossnerwarns,“andcouldberecognizedassuchbyanotherscientist.” ChangefromWithin  OutsourcingimagescreeningtoacompanylikeIDIisoneapproachtoidentifyingalteredscientikcimages. AnothersolutionisthatofGermany’sEMBOPress,wherein-houseimagedetectiveJanaChristopherisafull- timeimagescreener.“Ichecktoseeifmicrographs,photographs,anddata…areduplicatedorillicitly https://www.enago.com/academy/scientific-fraud-journals-detect-image-manipulation-part-2/

  5. 9/7/2018 Scientific Fraud: How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - EnagoAcademy manipulated,”Christopherexplains.“Iusetools…[that]allowyouinasemi-automatedproceduretoadjustthe contrastsandsettingstohighlightflaws.It’sasimpleprocess,butyouneedtoknowwheretolook.Forexample,it ismuchhardertospotwhentheblankbackgroundonagelhasbeencloned—ittakesanexperiencedeyetospot thosepatterns.I’mveryawareofthelimitations.Ifsomeonereallytriestocheatandtheycheatwell,it’sunlikely that we would see that. But most of what we knd are genuine mistakes, which we prevent from entering the scientikcliterature.” ForensicTechnologies  TheforensictoolsChristopherandothersrelyonincludePhotoshopdroplets,aswellas AdobeBridgeandImageJ.Dropletsareparticularlyusefulwhenscreeningforadjustments oflightordarkareasandcomparingtwoimages.Bridgeissuitedtorapidprocessingoflarge imagebatches,andthehighlyversatileImageJfreewarecanproducequantitativescansof gelbandsanddisplaymultipleimagessimultaneously. As the technology for detecting image manipulation expands and improves, so will the technology for manipulatingimages.Thesesoftwaresallowreviewers,editors,andscientiststoidentifylapsesinimageintegrity, butaretheyalsogivingrisetounprecedentedscientikcmisconduct? ForBetterorforWorse? “Researcherrorandmisconducthaveprobablyalwaysexisted,”Bikpointsout.“Evenscientikcluminariessuchas Darwin,Mendel,andPasteurhavebeenaccusedofmanipulatingormisreportingtheirdata.”Thelowresolutionof olderillustrationslikelymademanipulationmoredifkculttodiscern,butBikstillbelievesthat“thewidespread availability and usage of digital image modikcation software in recent years may have provided greater opportunityforbotherrorandintentionalmanipulation.”  https://www.enago.com/academy/scientific-fraud-journals-detect-image-manipulation-part-2/

  6. 9/7/2018 Scientific Fraud: How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - EnagoAcademy  InBik’ssolution,authorstakeresponsibility:“Onepossiblemechanismtoreduceerrorsat thelaboratorylevelwouldbetoinvolvemultipleindividualsinthepreparationofkguresfor publication.Thelackofcorrelationbetweenauthornumberandthefrequencyofimage duplicationsuggeststhattherolesofmostauthorsarecompartmentalizedordiluted,such thaterrorsormisconductarenotreadilydetected.” What’sYour Take? ShouldauthorsfollowBik’smodelforconductingrigorousduediligencebeforesubmittingpapers?Would involvingmultiplescientistsinfact-checkingincreaseordecreasethelikelihoodoferror? Shouldjournalsandpublishinghousesconductduediligenceagainstimagemanipulationinternally?Ifso,should peer reviewers be part of that initial process, or should specialist editors screen for manipulated images in accepted papersonly? OrdoyoumosttrustacompanylikeIDItoprovideimpartial,high-qualityscreeninganddetectionservices? Pleaseshareyourthoughtsincomments!Thentakeamomenttokndoutmoreabouthowjournalsrespondwhen aproblematicimagedoesmakeitintoapublishedpaperandhowtoguardagainstscientikcmisconductinyour ownwork. Stillnotconvincedthatmanipulationofimagesalwaysconstitutesresearchmisconduct?Clickontogettipson howtoedityourimagesethically,acceptableandunacceptablecategoriesofimagemanipulation,andspecikctips andtechniquesforkeepingontherightsideofscience. This article was originally published at Enago Academy by EnagoManuscript Editing services which provides scientific editing to researchers authors and Phd students. For more information contact - - orders@enago.com.  https://www.enago.com/academy/scientific-fraud-journals-detect-image-manipulation-part-2/

  7. 9/7/2018 REPORTING RESEARCH PUBLISHING RESEARCH IMPORTANT LINKS OUR SERVICES ABOUTUS EnglishEditingContactUs GLOBAL ENAGO Language& Grammar Selecting Journals PhDs & PostdocsServices GuestContributor Product & Service Copy Editing ReviewsServices AboutEnago Academy Journal Guidelines Submitting Manuscripts Substantive Editing Services Ask aQuestion! Manuscripts& Grants Understanding Reviews Publication Support Services Reference Management Understanding Ethics Proofreading Services Figures &Tables sharetheirexperienceaboutresearchandpublishing.EnagoAcademyalsoconductsworkshopsprimarilyforESLauthors, early- EnagoAcademyofferscomprehensiveandup-to-dateresourcesforresearchers,publishers,editors,andstudentstolearnand stageresearchers,andgraduatestudents.Ouradvancedworkshopmodulescatertotheneedsofresearcherswhowanttoknow moreabouttheissuespertinenttosuccessfulpublication.ReadMore https://www.enago.com/academy/scientific-fraud-journals-detect-image-manipulation-part-2/

  8. Scientific Fraud: How Journals Detect Image Manipulation (Part 2) - EnagoAcademy Copyright © - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | PrivacyPolicy | Terms & Conditions| ContactUs 9/7/2018  https://www.enago.com/academy/scientific-fraud-journals-detect-image-manipulation-part-2/

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